normal ecg and arrythmias

Question 1

3 lead placement

Answer 1

Question 2

5 lead placement

Answer 2

Question 3

12 lead placement

Answer 3

Question 4

cardiac conduction

Answer 4

SA node to AV node to bundle of his to left and right bundle branches to perkinjie fibers

Question 5

A normal P wave

Answer 5

small round and less than 3mm tall
no more than .1 sec
wave caused by SA node (atrial systole)

Question 6

Q wave

Answer 6

produced by initial depolarization in IVS

1mm deep and 1mm wide

Question 7

R wave

Answer 7

remaining of ventricular depolarization

ventricular systole

Question 8

S wave

Answer 8

ventricular depolarization

Question 9

QRS complex

Answer 9

between .06 and .09 seconds

bundle of his , left and right bundle branches and the purkinjie fibers cause the QTS complex

Question 10

T wave

Answer 10

ventricular repolarization
IVRT time
less than 6mm with a duration of .01 to .25 sec
diastolic portion of the heart

Question 11

normal RR interval

Answer 11

one minute is one heart rate

peak to peak

Question 12

PP interval

Answer 12

in normal the PP and RR intervals are equal

Question 13

PR interval

Answer 13

measures atrioventricular activation time

Question 14

QRS interval

Answer 14

time from the beginning of Q to the end of the S wave

Question 15

QT interval

Answer 15

ventricular systole

Question 16

ST segment

Answer 16

ventricular ejection is occuring

Question 17

absolute refractory period

Answer 17

second heart contraction cannot occur

Question 18

relative refractory period

Answer 18

a strong enough stimulus can cause a second heart contraction

Question 19

bradycardia

Answer 19

less then 60 BPM

Question 20

tachycardia

Answer 20

more than 100 BPM

Question 21

normal sinus rhythm

Answer 21

Question 22

ekg of bradycardia

Answer 22

Question 23

ekg of tachycardia

Answer 23

Question 24

arrhythmia

Answer 24

the heart beats with irregular or abnormal rhythm

Question 25

types of arrhythmia

Answer 25

``` PVC:premature ventricular contraction bigeminy trigeminy atriventricular block right/left bundle branch block AFIB atrial flutter ```

Question 26

what is a PVC

Answer 26

where the purkinjie fibers initiate the contraction of the ventricles may be felt as a palpatations, the ventricles contract before they are filled with blood loss of an A

Question 27

what is a Bigeminy

Answer 27

where a short and long HB alternate | usually due to an ectopic heart beat like a PVC

Question 28

what is a trigeminy

Answer 28

2 sinus beats with an ectopic heartbeat

Question 29

AV (atrioventricular) block occurs when?

Answer 29

there is an impairment of conduction between the atria and ventricules

Question 30

causes of an AV block

Answer 30

MI, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, valvular disease

Question 31

first degree AV block

Answer 31

PR interval great than .20 sec | E and A waves merge because of premature closer of MV

Question 32

second degree AV block type 1

Answer 32

the PR interval gets longer and longer with each beat until QRS is dropped

Question 33

second AV block type 2

Answer 33

PR intervals are constant and long prior to the QRS being dropped

Question 34

third degree AV block

Answer 34

no association between P waves and QRS

Question 35

right bundle branch block (RBBB)

Answer 35

the RV is not activated by impulses conduction through myocardium is slower than the purkinjie fibers and the QRS becomes wider seen in leads V1 and V2

Question 36

left bundle branch block (LBBB)

Answer 36

activation of LV is delayed which causes the LV to contract later than the RV on echo there is paradoxical septal motion

Question 37

ventricular tachycardia

Answer 37

EKG will show at least three wide QRS complex and may result in Vfib

Question 38

supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 38

BPM 150-220 | fast rhythms arising from upper part of heart atria or AV node

Question 39

4 types of SVT

Answer 39

AFIB atrial flutter paroxysmal SVT wolfparkinson white syndrome

Question 40

svt ekg

Answer 40

Question 41

AFIB

Answer 41

most common | chronic AFIB can lead to risk of death

Question 42

causes of AFIB

Answer 42

the SA node in the RA are overwhelmed by disorganized electrical impulses. MS (most common reason) , and high blood pressure increase risk of AFIB

Question 43

AFIB symptoms

Answer 43

usually no symptoms | but there may be palpitations, fainting, chest pain or CHF

Question 44

treatment for AFIB

Answer 44

synchronized electrical cardioversion surgical catheter based ablation anti clotting medication medication for rate control

Question 45

In what leads is an RBBB seen

Answer 45

V1 and v2

Question 46

On echo what is seen which a LBBB

Answer 46

ivs paradoxal motion

Question 47

What leads is an LBBB seen

Answer 47

V5 and 6

Question 48

4 main types of SVT

Answer 48

A fib Atrial flutter Paroxysmal svt Wolf parkison white syndrome