Normal Gait Flashcards
(29 cards)
Write out / draw the progression of the Normal Gait Cycle.
What are the 3 Functional Tasks of Gait?
Weight Acceptance: IC, LR / forward progression / stability / shock absorption
Single Limb Support: MSt, TSt / forward progression / stability
Swing Limb Advancement: PSw, ISw, MSw, TSw / foot clearance / limb advancement
Locomotor Functions
Propulsion
Stability
Shock absorption
Energy conservation
Biomechanical Functions
Propulsion
Body support
M/L stability
Limb advancement
Biomechanical Subcomponents (List AND Define)
Stance Control: Absence of vertical limb / trunk collapse during stance
Limb Advancement: Adequate foot clearance and a positive step length bilaterally
Propulsion: Ability to move COM in a specific direction (forward, backward, etc.) during stance
Postural Stability: Maintaining upright in sagittal and frontal planes, keeping COM within BOS
Which Functional Tasks / Biomechanical Subcomponents are associated with the following phases of Gait?:
Initial Contact
Loading Response
FT: Weight Acceptance
BS: Stance control / postural stability
Which Functional Tasks / Biomechanical Subcomponents are associated with the following phases of Gait?:
Midstance
Terminal Stance
FT: Single Limb Support
BS: Stance control / propulsion / postural stability
Which Functional Tasks / Biomechanical Subcomponents are associated with the following phases of Gait?:
Pre-Swing / Initial Swing / Mid Swing / Terminal Swing
FT: Swing Limb Advancement
BS: Limb advancement
How much of the Gait Cycle is comprised of the Stance Phase? Swing Phase? What are the implications of this?
Stance Phase is 62% of gait cycle
Swing Phase is 38% of gait cycle
Stance Phase problems set up deviations in Swing Phase
Single Limb Support vs. Double Limb Support (% of Gait Cycle)
Single Limb Support is 80%
Double Limb Support is 20%
The “Rockers” within the Gait Cycle function to do what? List them.
Help smoothly progress gait
Heel / Ankle: Deceleration
Forefoot / Toe: Acceleration
Initial Contact (Pelvis / Hip / Knee / Ankle / Critical Events)
Pelvis: 5 degrees forward rotation
Hip: 20 degrees flexion / hip extensors (glutes) stabilize thigh (counteract GRF anterior to knee and hip) during LR
Knee: 5 degrees flexion (“soft” knee) / quads prep for LR
Ankle: Neutral / isometric pre-tibials
Critical Event: Heel first contact
Loading Response (Pelvis / Hip / Knee / Ankle / Critical Events)
Pelvis: 5 degrees forward rotation
Hip: 20 degrees flexion / hip extensors (still counteract GRF - in this phase GRF is anterior to hip and posterior to knee), abductors
Knee: 15 degrees flexion / eccentric quads (“cushions” landing)
Ankle: 5 degrees PF / eccentric pre-tibials / Heel Rocker
Critical Event: Hip stability / controlled knee flexion / ankle PF (Heel Rocker)
Hyperextension of the knee during Loading Response may be indicative of what?
Weak quads - “quick” buckling in mild weakness / severe knee buckling
The term “Foot Slapper” is associated with a weak ___ muscle group and favors ___ contact.
pre-tibial , forefoot
Midstance (Pelvis / Hip / Knee / Ankle / Critical Events)
Pelvis: Neutral
Hip: Neutral / hip abductors (keep pelvis upright)
Knee: 5 degrees flexion / quads initially then off
Ankle: 5 degrees DF / eccentric plantarflexors / Ankle Rocker (smooth progression over foot)
Critical Event: Controlled tibial advancement
What event marks the beginning of Midstance?
The picking up of the opposite foot
Hyperextension of the knee during Midstance may be indicative of what?
Weak plantarflexors
Lacking DF ROM
Turning on quads due to failure to trust plantarflexors
Terminal Stance (Pelvis / Hip / Knee / Ankle / Toes / Critical Events)
Pelvis: 5 degrees backward rotation
Hip: 20 degrees extension / no muscle activity
Knee: 5 degrees flexion (neutral) / no muscle activity
Ankle: 10 degrees DF (LL in more inclined position) / eccentric PFs / Forefoot Rocker
Toes: 20-30 degrees extension
Critical Event: Calf muscles control ankle DF allowing heel rise / trailing limb / GRF becomes anterior to knee and posterior to hip
Distinct Characteristics of Terminal Stance
Upside down “V” between legs
Highest torque demand in gait cycle due to eccentric DF
Ends when opposite heel makes contact
How does poor Gastroc (PF) control translate during Terminal Stance?
Lack of heel rise
Decrease in “V” shape
Short step (no trust in WB on Gastroc)
Preswing (Pelvis / Hip / Knee / Ankle / Toes / Critical Events)
Pelvis: 5 degrees backward rotation
Hip: 10 degrees extension / adductors
Knee: 40 degrees flexion / no muscle activity
Ankle: 15 degrees PF / no muscle activity
Toes: 55-60 degrees extension / Toe Rocker
Critical Event: Passive knee flexion / ankle PF assists with passive knee flexion
What should the contact made by the opposite heel during Preswing allow for in the rest of the trailing limb?
“Elastic recoil” of PFs and everything passively increases (knee flexion / ankle PF / toe extension)
Initial Swing (Pelvis / Hip / Knee / Ankle / Critical Events)
Pelvis: 5 degrees backward rotation
Hip: 15 degrees flexion / concentric hip flexors
Knee: 60 degrees flexion / knee flexors
Ankle: 5 degrees PF / pre-tibials concentric activity
Critical Event: Hip flexion 15 degrees, knee flexion to 60 degrees
