Normal microbiota

Question 1

what is Microbiology?

Answer 1

science of microscopic life forms (microorganisms or life forms)
-ubiquitous - virtually everywhere

Question 2

what is an infectious disease?

Answer 2

• disease caused by invasion of a pathogen that grows and multiplies- not all microbes are disease producing
• only 3 percent are pathogenic (cause disease)

Question 3

History of Microbiology

1. anton van leeuwenhoek
2. Louis Pasteur
3. alexander emile jean yersin
4. Robert Kock
5. alexander fleming
6. edward jenner
7. rudolf virchow

Answer 3

1. father of microbiology and created first microscope he did not link his “animalcules to disease
2. discovered life forms that can exist without water and discovered that microorganisms cause disease and developed vaccines for rabies
3. discovered causative agent for plague
4. discovered germ theory-discovered tb, v. cholera, b anthacis is truly causative of anthrax and developed Kochs postulates
5. discovered penicillin
6. discovered small pox vaccine
7. discovered biogenisis

Question 4

what is kochs postulate?

Answer 4

to prove that a specific microorganism is the cause of a specific infectious disease

Question 5

what is the importance of microbiology to dental hygiene practice?

Answer 5

• protection for ourselves and for our clients against disease
• learning about disease so we are aware of symptoms
• inform client about diseases
• prevent spread of infectious disease
• terminology to collaborate with other healthcare proffessionals

Question 6

order of mircrobial classifications

hint: king david came over for good spaghetti

Answer 6

kingdom, division, class, order, family, genus, species

ie) humans: Animalia, chordata, mammalia, primates, hominidae homo homo sapien

Question 7

what is normal micriobiota? and what is its importance?

Answer 7

mixed population of aerobic and anerobic microorganisms living on us
-it stimulates immune system, colonization resistance, excrete products that inhbit foreign microbes, aid in digestion

Question 8

define colonisation

Answer 8

entrance of infectious agent into a human and its growth and multiplication within the human (not causing disease) ex) staphylococcus aureus

Question 9

define infection

Answer 9

colonisation has occurred and resulted in infection

Question 10

define infectious agent

Answer 10

any living organisms that can cause infection and can be spread from one susceptible human to another

Question 11

define communicable disease

Answer 11

a disease whose infectious agent is capable of being transmitted from one person to another ie)influenza or HIV

Question 12

define incubation period

Answer 12

time between the entrance of an infectious agent into a patient and the development of actual illness

Question 13

define pathogenicity

Answer 13

ability of an infectious agent to cause a disease

Question 14

define virulence

-things that make microorganisms more virulent?

Answer 14

refers to the degree of pathogenicity

-flagella, incapsulation

Question 15

define culture

Answer 15

to grow microorganisms from patient specimens or a growth of mirco-organisms

Question 16

define opportunistic pathogen

Answer 16

any member of human or environmental microbiota that is normally harmless but cause infection when the body defenses are abnormal

Question 17

why do different parts of the body inhabited normally by microbes and others are sterile?

Answer 17

the body parts that are highly inhbited are mouth, colon (largest amount), resp tract, gastrointestinal tract
-things that are sterile: fetus, lymph

Question 18

what do microbiota need to grow?

Answer 18

nutrients, water, warmth, neutral ph,

Question 19

uses of microbiota outside of the humans

Answer 19

• food industry
• digestion
• bioremediation (oil spills)
• water treatment
• chemical production
• drug production
• biological warfare

Question 20

the four forms of infection

Answer 20

1. pyogenic (puss producing)
2. granulomatous infection (immunodeficiency disease of bacterial or fungal
3. toxigenic infection (infection produced by toxins)
4. intracelluar infection (bacteria that lives in human cells)

Question 21

strep throat

1. what form of infection is it?
2. caused by?
3. does bacteria have capsule?
4. mechanism?

Answer 21

1. pyogenic
2. bacteria- streptococcal pharyngitis
3. yes– harder to kill of
4. throat sore, exotoxin, beefy red throat

Question 22

tuberculosis

1. what form of infection (disease mechanism)?
2. transmission
3. is bacteria resistant?

Answer 22

1. granulomatous infection–bacteria takes a long time to show symptoms
2. aerosolized droplet or airborne
3. yes- resistant macrophages

Question 23

tetanus

1. what form of infection(disease mechanism)?
2. what is the infectious agent?
3. is the bacteria resistant?

Answer 23

1. toxigenic infection–>neurotoxin that inhbits central ns and causes muscle spasms
2. clostridium tetani (bacteria)
3. bacteria has a spore–>withstand heat and many other things

Question 24

Influenza
what form of infection is it?
infectious agent?
what is the disease mechanism?

Answer 24

1. intracellular infection
2. virus– influenza virus a,b and c
3. mechanism- causes fever, cough, muscle pain