Normal Parturition pt. 1

Question 1

The physiologic process by which the pregnant uterus
delivers the fetus and placenta from the maternal anima

Answer 1

parturiton

Question 2

to be ready to bear a young
one”; related to partus, the past participle of parere – “to
produce”

Answer 2

parturire

Question 3

parturition starts with

Answer 3

fetal stress

Question 4

fetal stress is followed by the release of fetal _____which then release the fetal ___

Answer 4

ACTH, cortisol

Question 5

fetal cortisol releases 4 hormones

Answer 5

placental p4, e2, PGF2alpha, relaxin

Question 6

e2 fxn:

Answer 6

myometrial contractions, ‘
pressure,
cervical stimulation,
oxytocin,
maximum secretion

Question 7

pgf2alpha fxn

Answer 7

luteolysis

Question 8

relaxin fxn

Answer 8

pelvic lig. stretching

Question 9

Udder enlargement (4 months before parturition young animal and 1-2 weeks before parturition in adult animal)
Vaginal Discharge (7 months)
Relaxed pelvic ligaments / raised tail head (24-48 hours);
Anorexia

Answer 9

cow

Question 10

Udder development beginning 2 to 6 weeks before giving birth ;
Waxing of teats 1-2 days before foaling;
relaxation in the pelvic region occurs progressively during the last 7-14 days of gestation

Answer 10

mare

Question 11

Development of vulvar laxity and edema
Scanty vulvar discharge
Relaxation of pelvic ligaments
Udder enlargement, and a change in the amount and character of mammary secretion (last 2 weeks)
Udder becomes engorged within the last few days before givibg birth
Accumulation of waxy secretion on teat ends (1 to 4 days before giving birth)

Answer 11

mare

Question 12

Reduced appetite and restlessness;
standing up and lying down and if bedding is available chewing and moving this around in her mouth

Answer 12

sow

Question 13

Vulva stretched out and becomes red and swollen;
will miss a feeding;
Separate herself from the flock shortly before labor begins

Answer 13

ewe

Question 14

Enlargement of udder starting 1-6 weeks prior to birthing;
hollowness on either side of the animal’s tail;
isolation from the rest of the herd
enlarged udder and teats that begin to fill with milk

Answer 14

doe

Question 15

Temperature decreases by around 1°C the 1 or 2 days prior to whelping (due to low progesterone levels)
Measure temperature twice a day to give an early warning;
restlessness; decreased appetite;
produces a mild clear vaginal discharge 2-3 days prior to birthing;
have mild vomiting and diarrhea within a day or two of birthing

Answer 15

bithc

Question 16

Nervousness, overgrooming, and panting;
stops eating during the final day of pregnancy;
drop in rectal temperature to less than 37.5°C (last 24 hours and signals impending labor.
Milk will often appear in the mammary glands 24-48 hours).
Prefers to be secluded during the birthing process.

Answer 16

cat

Question 17

STAGES of parturition

Answer 17

Dilation of cervix (1st stage labor)
expulsion of fetus (2nd stage labor)
expulsion of placenta (3rd stage labor)

Question 18

Preparation of the birth canal and fetus for expulsion
Changes are not visible externally

what stage?

Answer 18

1st

Question 19

2nd and 3rd stages canbe separated in polytocous species (dog, cat, sow) t/f

Answer 19

f - cannot

Question 20

appearance of abdominal contractions superimposed upon each set of myometrial contractions
what stage?

Answer 20

2nd

Question 21

Signs of discomfort, mild colic, restlessness with elevated pulse and respiratory rate, drop in body temperature

what stage?

Answer 21

1st

Question 22

Onset of myometrial contractions
Fetus assumes proper disposition for expulsion

what stage?

Answer 22

1st

Question 23

Disappearance of cervicotubular contractions
Ferguson’s (Fetal Ejection) Reflex

what stage?

Answer 23

2nd

Question 24

Waves of contractions from uterine tube to cervix; reverse in cow and sow t/f

Answer 24

t

Question 25

Domestic animals normally eat placenta except cows t/f

Answer 25

f - mare

Question 26

what stage? Shrinking of fetal villi due to loss of fetal turgidity from escape of blood from fetal side of placenta with rupture of umbilicus Separation of fetal membranes due to early degenerative maturational changes in ewe and cow

Answer 26

3rd

Question 27

what stage? Weakening of acellular layer of adhesive protein 'glue line' between cotyledonary and caruncular epithelium leads to placental separation Collagenization of placentome and flattening of maternal crypt epithelium in cow (starts last 5 days of gestation)

Answer 27

3rd

Question 28

Allantochorionic sac ruptures "Water bag" (Amnion) appears at vulva Fetal head appears at vulva coincident with maximal uterine and abdominal muscle contractions what stage?

Answer 28

2nd

Question 29

Fetal thorax passes through vulva followed by expulsion of hips and hindlimbs Amnion ruptures allowing fetus to respire what stage?

Answer 29

2nd

Question 30

Presentation: Position: Posture: normal in ewe, cow, mare

Answer 30

anterior dorsal (dorso-sacral) extended limb

Question 31

cervical changes: Loosening of the ground substance due to changes in _____components

Answer 31

collagen

Question 32

Increased incorporation of ____ which permits collagen fibers to separate with tension

Answer 32

WATER

Question 33

internal os first followed by external os. t/f Cervix becomes ___shapes as external os dilates widely

Answer 33

F - ext muna cone

Question 34

Simultaneous shortening of the internal os and dilation of icervix t/f

Answer 34

f - shortening of cervix, dilation of int os

Question 35

the onset of myometrial contractions is due to the presence of

Answer 35

cervicotubular and tubular-cervical contractions

Question 36

prevent the premature displacement of the fetus/es for orderly expulsion from the horns

Answer 36

Cervicotubular contractions

Question 37

Frequency increases from ____ per hour in the last 2 hours to 48 per hour just before expulsion 30 per hour in ewe)

Answer 37

12-24

Question 38

fetal dispositoin: Progressive rotation from dorsal to ventral position t/f

Answer 38

f - vent to dors

Question 39

Extension of forelimbs head and neck (lamb and puppy); head and neck only in mare and calf t/f

Answer 39

f - foal and pup partner calf and lamb