Normal Physiology Flashcards
(19 cards)
pH
7.4, range 7.35-7.45
PaC02
40mmHg, 35-45
HCO3-
24 mEq/L 22-26
PaO2
>80mmHg 79-70 - mild 69-60 - moderate 59-50 - severe <50 - extreme
Oxygen bound to Hb
[Hgb] X O2 saturation X binding capacity
What can cause O2 dissociation curve to shift to the left?
Increased affinity
decreased temperature, decreased PCO2
increased pH
What can cause O2 dissociation curve to shift to the right?
Decreased affinity –> more readily deliver O2 to tissues, e.g. during exercise
Increased temperature, increased PCO2
decreased pH
Haldane Effect
Increased loading of CO2 on deoxygenated blood
FiO2
0.21
R value
.8 to .85
Pbaro
760mmHg
How do you calculate PAO2?
PAO2 = [(Pbaro - 47mmHg) x FiO2] - (PaCO2/R)
Where does conducting region stop and respiratory begin?
After 16th generation
What are the two types of respiratory failure?
Type 1: Decreased PaO2
Type 2: Increased PaCO2
What constitues Virchow’s Triad?
Hypercoagulability (genetic of acquired); endothelial injury; abnormal blood flow (stasis and turbulence)
Pro-thrombotic
Activation of platelets and clotting factors; antifibrinolytic effects
Anti-thrombotic
Inhibition of platelets, breakdown of ADP, inhibitory effects on coagulation factors, fibrinolysis: cleaves fibrin, degrades thrombi
Risk factors for acquired hypercoagulability
High Risk of Thrombosis
- Prolonged bed rest/immobilization.
- MI, Atrial Fibrillation, prosthetic cardiac valves.
- Tissue injury(surgery, burn, fracture).
- Cancer.
Pulmonary embollism
The most serious form of venous thrombo-embolism occurs when a thrombosis (blood clot) dislodges from a deep vein usually in the lower extremity, and embolizes (travels) through the right side of the heart to the pulmonary circulation
