Normal Structure & Function

Question 1

The largest artery; it receives blood from the left ventricle and branches to all parts of the body

Answer 1

AORTA (root: aort/o)

Question 2

The valve at the entrance to the aorta

Answer 2

Aortic valve

Question 3

The point of a cone-shaped structure; the apex of the heart is formed by the left ventricle and is pointed toward the inferior and left

Answer 3

Apex (adjective: apical)

Question 4

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart; all except the pulmonary and umbilical arteries carry oxygenated blood

Answer 4

Artery (roots: arter, arteri/o)

Question 5

A small vessel that carries blood from the arteries into the capillaries

Answer 5

Arteriole (root: arteriol/o)

Question 6

A small mass in the lower septum of the right atrium that passes impulses from the sinoatrial
(SA) node toward the ventricles

Answer 6

atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 7

A valve between the atrium and ventricle on the right and left sides of the heart; the right AV valve is the tricuspid valve; the left is the mitral valve

Answer 7

atrioventricular (AV) valve

Question 8

An entrance chamber, one of the two upper receiving chambers of the heart

Answer 8

atrium (root: atri/o)

Question 9

A band of fibers that transmits impulses from the atrioventricular (AV) node to the top of the interventricular septum; it divides into the right and left bundle branches, which descend along the two sides of the septum; the bundle of His

Answer 9

AV bundle

Question 10

The force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel

Answer 10

blood pressure

Question 11

Branches of the AV bundle that divide to the right and left sides of the interventricular septum

Answer 11

bundle branches

Question 12

A microscopic blood vessel through which materials are exchanged between the blood and the tissues

Answer 12

capillary

Question 13

The part of the circulatory system that consists of the heart and the blood vessels

Answer 13

cardiovascular system

Question 14

The blood vessels in the heart that provide oxygen and nourishment and remove waste products from the myocardium

Answer 14

coronary circulation

Question 15

A change in electrical charge from the resting state in nerves or muscles

Answer 15

depolarization

Question 16

The relaxation phase of the heartbeat cycle

Answer 16

diastole (adjective: diastolic)

Question 17

Study of the electrical activity of the heart as detected by electrodes (leads) placed on the surface of the body; also abbreviated EKG from the German electrocardiography

Answer 17

electrocardiography (ECG)

Question 18

The thin membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the valves

Answer 18

endocardium

Question 19

The thin outermost layer of the heart wall

Answer 19

epicardium

Question 20

Any sound produced as the heart functions normally

Answer 20

functional murmur

Question 21

The muscular organ with four chambers that contracts rhythmically to propel blood through vessels to all parts of the body

Answer 21

heart (root: cardi/o)

Question 22

The number of times the heart contracts per minute; recorded as beats per minute (bpm)

Answer 22

heart rate

Question 23

Sounds produced as the heart functions: the two loudest sounds are produced by alternate closing of the valves and are designated S1 and S2

Answer 23

heart sounds

Question 24

inferior vena cava
The large inferior vein that brings blood low in oxygen back to the right atrium of the heart from the lower body

Answer 24

inferior vena cava

Question 25

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the mitral valve or bicuspid valve

Answer 25

left AV valve

Question 26

The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the left AV valve or bicuspid valve

Answer 26

mitral valve

Question 27

The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle

Answer 27

myocardium

Question 28

The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart

Answer 28

pericardium

Question 29

The vessel that carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs

Answer 29

pulmonary artery

Question 30

The system of vessels that carries blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated and then back to the left side of the heart

Answer 30

pulmonary circuit

Question 31

The vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart

Answer 31

pulmonary veins

Question 32

The valve at the entrance to the pulmonary artery

Answer 32

pulmonary valve

Question 33

The wave of increased pressure produced in the vessels each time the ventricles contract

Answer 33

pulse

Question 34

The terminal fibers of the cardiac conducting system; they carry impulses through the walls of the ventricles

Answer 34

Purkinje fibers

Question 35

A return of electrical charge to the resting state in nerves or muscles

Answer 35

repolarization

Question 36

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle; the tricuspid valve

Answer 36

right AV valve

Question 37

A wall dividing two cavities, such as two chambers of the heart

Answer 37

septum

Question 38

Normal heart rhythm

Answer 38

sinus rhythm

Question 39

A small mass in the upper part of the right atrium that initiates the impulse for each heartbeat; the pacemaker

Answer 39

sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 40

An instrument for determining arterial blood pressure (root sphygm/o means “pulse”); blood pressure apparatus or cuff

Answer 40

sphygmomanometer

Question 41

The large superior vein that brings blood low in oxygen back to the right atrium from the upper body

Answer 41

superior vena cava

Question 42

The system of vessels that carries oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to all tissues except the lungs and returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart

Answer 42

systemic circuit

Question 43

The contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle

Answer 43

systole (adjective: systolic)

Question 44

A structure that keeps fluid flowing in a forward direction

Answer 44

valve (roots: valv/o, valvul/o)

Question 45

A vessel that carries blood back to the heart. All except the pulmonary and umbilical veins carry blood low in oxygen

Answer 45

vein (roots: ven/o, phleb/o)

Question 46

A small cavity. One of the two lower pumping chambers of the heart

Answer 46

ventricle (root: ventricul/o)

Question 47

A small vessel that carries blood from the capillaries to the veins

Answer 47

venule

Question 48

A tube or duct to transport fluid

Answer 48

vessel (roots: angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o)