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ENPY > Normal Variants > Flashcards

Normal Variants Flashcards

(11 cards)

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1
Q

Frontal Arousal Rhythm (FAR)

  • Amplitude
  • Morphology
  • Frequency
  • Quantity
  • Localization
  • Reactivity
  • Symmetry & Synchrony
A
  • Occurs as patient is aroused from sleep (commonly after stage 2)
  • Burst of 7-10Hz
  • Lasts 5-10 seconds, up to 20 seconds
  • Sharply contoured, monomorphic waveform
  • Negative polarity
  • Bilateral frontal regions (max at F3/F4)
  • Seen in children ages 1-10, most common 3-6
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2
Q

Mu Rhythm

  • Amplitude
  • Morphology
  • Frequency
  • Quantity
  • Localization
  • Reactivity
  • Symmetry & Synchrony
A
  • 7-11Hz alpha
  • Central/centroparietal regions
  • Arch typed waves in trains or bursts
  • Asynchronous b/t hemispheres
  • Seen in awake state
  • Assess with eyes open to block PDR
  • Reactive to contralateral limb movement or tactile stimulation
  • Young adults
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3
Q

Wicket Spikes

  • Amplitude
  • Morphology
  • Frequency
  • Quantity
  • Localization
  • Reactivity
  • Symmetry & Synchrony
A
  • 6-11Hz
  • Negative polarity
  • Transients or in short runs
  • Arch-shaped, monophasic
  • Anterior or midtemporal regions (max left temporal)
  • May be asynchronous/asymmetric
  • Seen in awake, drowsy, light sleep
  • Adults over 30yrs
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4
Q

Psychomotor Variant/Rhythmic Mid-Temporal Discharges (RMTD)

  • Amplitude
  • Morphology
  • Frequency
  • Quantity
  • Localization
  • Reactivity
  • Symmetry & Synchrony
A
  • 4-7Hz theta (can be mixed w/ 9-14Hz waves)
  • 2-10 second runs
  • Sharply contoured or notched, monomorphic
  • Moderate-high amplitude
  • Max at mid-temporal regions (T3/T4), some spread to F7/F8 and T5/T6
  • Occurs unilaterally and bilaterally
  • Late adolescence and adults
  • Seen in awake & relaxed state, drowsy, light sleep
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5
Q

Small Sharp Spikes

  • Amplitude
  • Morphology
  • Frequency
  • Quantity
  • Localization
  • Reactivity
  • Symmetry & Synchrony
A
  • Monophasic or Diphasic spikes w/ sharp peak
  • Brief
  • Low amplitude
  • Temporal lobes with anterior-posterior spread
  • Bisynchronous or independently
  • Single slow wave may occur immediately
  • Mainly in adults
  • Stage 1 and 2 sleep, sometimes drowsy
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6
Q

14&6/Ctenoids

  • Amplitude
  • Morphology
  • Frequency
  • Quantity
  • Localization
  • Reactivity
  • Symmetry & Synchrony
A
  • Sharp, positive spikes of varying 14Hz and 6Hz
  • Short bursts less than 2 seconds
  • Max at T5/T6, posterior temporal regions
  • Unilateral or bilateral
  • Stage 1 sleep
  • Adolescents and teens
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7
Q

Lambda Waves

  • Amplitude
  • Morphology
  • Frequency
  • Quantity
  • Localization
  • Reactivity
  • Symmetry & Synchrony
  • Age & State
A
  • Sharp transient, saw-tooth shaped, diphasic, theta
  • Positive polarity
  • Low amplitude, higher amplitude in positive component of diphasic wave
  • 100-250ms
  • Occipital
  • Bilaterally synchronous & symmetrical
  • Awake patient who is visually scanning, usually seen w/ eye movements & blinks
  • Children and adults
  • Reactive to eyes closed
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8
Q

Alpha Squeak

  • Amplitude
  • Morphology
  • Frequency
  • Quantity
  • Localization
  • Reactivity
  • Symmetry & Synchrony
A
  • PDR immediately after eye closure for 0.5-1 second
  • Frequency increased
  • Adults 20-60 yrs old
  • Lower amplitude than PDR
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9
Q

Slow alpha variant vs. Fast alpha variant

A

Slow Alpha Variant

  • Children & teenagers, adults
  • 3.5-6.5Hz
  • Higher amplitude compared to PDR
  • Can have notched appearance
  • Intermix, alternate, or replace PDR

Fast Alpha Variant

  • Adults
  • 16-20Hz
  • Lower amplitude compared to PDR
  • Can have notched appearance
  • Intermix, alternate, or replace PDR
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10
Q

Posterior Slow Waves of Youth (PSWOY)

  • Amplitude
  • Morphology
  • Frequency
  • Quantity
  • Localization
  • Reactivity
  • Symmetry & Synchrony
A
  • Delta wave
  • Awake with EC
  • Reactive to EO
  • Bioccipital regions
  • Bilaterally synchronous & symmetric
  • Most frequent in children 8-14 years old, can be seen 2-21
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11
Q

Posterior Slow Rhythm (PSR)

  • Amplitude
  • Morphology
  • Frequency
  • Quantity
  • Localization
  • Reactivity
  • Symmetry & Synchrony
A
  • Delta/theta (2-4Hz) intermixed with alpha seen RIGHT AFTER eye closure
  • high amplitude, monomorphic
  • Seen in alert, awake state immediately after EC
  • Bilaterally synchronous & symmetric
  • Bioccipital regions
  • Reactive to EO
  • Seen in children up to 16yrs
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ENPY (5 decks)

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