Norman Chtp 2 Flashcards
(20 cards)
7 stages of action
Goal - The user is aware of something he wishes to achieve (I need more light to read)
Plan - The user has a vague sense of what he needs to do it (switch on a lamp)
Specify - The user understands the actions they must do (reach over with my right hand and twist the knob beneath the bulb)
Perform - The user undertakes the actions (he reaches over and twists the knob)
Perceive - The user recognizes the change in the device (the bulb is not glowing)
Interpret - The user recognizes the practical change (the room is now brighter)
Compare - The user compares the outcome with his goal (the room is bright enough for me to read)
Planned Goals
Goals considered in advance.
Opportunistic Goals
Goals considered in the moment.
Gulf of Execution
Stage when we try to figure out how
item operates.
Gulf of Evaluation
Stage when we try to figure out what happened.
Procedural memory
A type of long-term memory of how to perform different actions and skills. Essentially, remembering how to ride a bike.
Declarative memory
memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and events. For example, remembering the day of your birth.
3 levels of processing
Visceral, Behavioral, Reflective
Visceral level
Visceral responses are fast and completely subconscious, alerting people to danger or pleasure within their environment.
Behavioral level
Mid-level driven by expectations and on the execution of emotions
Reflective Emotions
Highest level that assess the results in terms of presumed casual agents and the consequences, both immediate and long-term.
2 Parts of action
Executing & Evaluating/Doing & Interpreting
3 Stages of Execution
Plan, specify, perform
3 stages of Evaluation
perceive, interpret, compare
7 Fundamental Principles of Design
Discoverability, Feedback, Concept model, affordances, Signifiers, mappings, constraints.
Constraints.
Providing physical, logical, semantic, and cultural constraints guides actions and eases interpretation.
Mappings.
The relationship between controls and their actions follows the principles of good mapping, enhanced as much as possible through spatial layout and temporal contiguity
Signifiers.
Effective use of signifiers ensures discoverability and that the feedback is well communicated and intelligible.
Affordances.
The proper affordances exist to make the desired actions possible.
Conceptual model.
The design projects all the information needed to create a good conceptual model of the system, leading to understanding and a feeling of control. The conceptual model enhances both discoverability and evaluation of results.
