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norman conquest Flashcards

1
Q

In the 11th century, what country was the wealthiest and best governed in Europe?

A

England

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2
Q

What influenced the peoples religion in Anglo-Saxon, England?

A

Roman Catholic and Celtic influences

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3
Q

How do historians today know about the Anglo-Saxons lies and attitudes

A

Because of the Anglo-Saxon chronicle that the monks updated up until the 12th century

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4
Q

what did priest always make sermons saying?

A

That Anglo-Saxons eat and drink too much, and they were sexually immoral

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5
Q

What story would’ve been read aloud from this period

A

The beowulf

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6
Q

what religious person left most matters to his advisors

A

Edward the Confessor

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7
Q

What people were poorly educated and frowned upon at marriage by the pope

A

English clergy

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8
Q

What building was made out of stone and were much less common in England than the rest of Europe

A

churches

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9
Q

What was England divided into which made it easier to administer?

A

shires (counties)

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10
Q

what kings had strong central control over their realm

A

english kings

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11
Q

How did Dunstan set high standards for the church?

A

because he ended corruption among church leaders, he improved the education of monks nuns and priests, and forbidding priest to marry

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12
Q

What church leader broke several church rules, and what were they?

A

Stigand ; he held two church positions at once and sold off of church post for money, but he kept his position because Harold Godwinson supported him which made Stigand very rich

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13
Q

how do we know that there was a huge variety in the literature produced by Anglo-Saxons

A

Because of the religious books produced in monasteries

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14
Q

In 1065, how long has the kingdom of England existed and why?

A

Just over 100 years, because each region before that has been separate with different rulers

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15
Q

By what period was a church of England seen as backwards and corrupt?

A

1065

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16
Q

what do the Anglo-Saxons build their buildings out of

A

Houses made out of wood, but some churches were built from stone

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17
Q

what is the most famous Anglo-Saxon worker fiction

A

beowulf

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18
Q

How can archaeologist work out the shape of buildings?

A

i’m looking at the soil, we upright timbers one stood the shows they lived in, rectangular, one story houses with thatched roofs

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19
Q

how many stories did thegns have

A

2 floors

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20
Q

What did the church not like that? People believed in

A

Elves, goblins, charms and spells

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21
Q

When was the Alfred Jewell made?

A

AD890 one of the most finest, surviving Anglo-Saxon art

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22
Q

How do you know Anglo-Saxons were skilled artists?

A

because of the engravings often on jewels

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23
Q

what did Edward the Confessor due after he became a devout Christian

A

After he came, he brought Norman priest to England

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24
Q

how much money would a woman’s wergild increase by if she was pregnant?

A

50 cent

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25
Q

What did ChurchLeaders do after Dunstan died in 988

A

they made him a saint

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26
Q

What tells us that the Anglo-Saxon literature was rich and varied

A

the beowulf and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

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27
Q

what did Harold Godwinson make Edward the Confessor do

A

because Godwinson resented Edwards power, he forced him to replace his old archbishop with another one called stigand

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28
Q

What were English kings expected to be?

A

strong leaders and warriors to protect the kingdom.

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29
Q

What are the things that kings have the other people didn’t

A

Owned more land and raised taxes to pay for defence, roads, bridges and burhs

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30
Q

What was the first capital of England changed to?

A

it changed from Winchester to Londonburh

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31
Q

By what century was the church accused of corruption and backwardness?

A

11th century

32
Q

Who was Westminster Abbey built for?

A

Edward the Confessor

33
Q

What was one of the main Anglo-Saxon laws?

A

every personal life has given a cash value based on their rank

34
Q

What year was the Roman Catholic Church introduced in England?

A

AD597

35
Q

What did most Shires have?

A

several Royal burhs (fortified towns)

36
Q

What do some descriptions tell about Anglo-Saxon buildings?

A

That the beautifully decorated with carved woodwork, fine plasterwork and staircases and painted walls

37
Q

What people left Dunstone of fortune, and what did they do with it?

A

Rich woman, and they spent it on improving monasteries

38
Q

What did most Anglo-Saxons sort their houses with and what was the problem with it?

A

they built with wood, clay and straw demand that the house could sit on fire any time, or rot away

39
Q

If some villages didn’t have a church, what would they worship?

A

A stone cross

40
Q

why did the Anglo-Saxon Kings build burhs?

A

For safety during Viking raids

41
Q

The wergild was sitting shillings. How many shillings with a cow?

A

One shilling

42
Q

how many shillings was thralls

A

no value

43
Q

how many shillings was a ceorl?

A

160 shillings

44
Q

how many shillings was a prince?

A

9000 shillings

45
Q

how many shillings was a king?

A

18,000 shillings

46
Q

Who was Saint Dunstan?

A

he was a monk and became archbishop of Canterbury. He was a skilled artist and musician who diverted himself to the church.

47
Q

what was stigand

A

He was a skilled administrator, but not very religious

48
Q

English king set up, mints what is this?

A

It is a machinery that makes coins. These coins were trusted, which encourage trade and made taxation easier.

49
Q

when did Edward the confessor die

A

jan 1066

50
Q

when was harold crowned king

A

6th jan a few hours after Edward the confessor died

51
Q

who encouraged Harald Hadrada the king of norway to take the english throne

A

Harold’s brother Tostig as he was angry at losing his earldom

52
Q

what did the support from the pope do for William Duke of Normandy?

A

meant that other powerful rulers from across the N France supported William

53
Q

what time did the Battle of Hastings begin?

A

9AM

54
Q

what rumour went round at the battle of Hastings?

A

That William had been killed. Unfortunately, the normans began to drop back.

55
Q

What did William believe that Edward did?

A

thought Edward promised in the throne in 1051. He claim that Harold was sent to Normandy in 1064 to swear, an oath of support to Williams claim

56
Q

What to northern earls fought Hadrada, and why?

A

because Harold heard that Hadrada and Tostigs army had London north of England . Edwin and mortar Fought Hadrada, but were driven away.

57
Q

what day and year did Williams Army land in pevensey And why?

A

28th of September 10 66 because he wanted to annoy Harold and provide food to his army and build defences

58
Q

what did the Normans become a devout supporter of?

A

Roman Catholic Church, monks because William was impressed with the monks and nuns, devotion and quality of teaching

59
Q

Who did William Murray and how did this help him Become a lucky bastard?

A

Married Matilda of Flanders, which was a powerful neighbouring country

60
Q

how many people were in Williams Army and what weapons did they use?

A

7000 men, nights for on horseback, archer, and infantry His troops stood at the bottom of the hill

61
Q

How did the invention of the stirrup make fighting easier?

A

The rider could charger, the enemy and swinging their sword, while still the saddle

62
Q

what did Harold do when he heard about hardradas invasion?

A

He gathered remains his army and March north across 185 miles in four days, gathering troops on his way

63
Q

What were the rules about the throne in the 11th century?

A

His phone did not automatically go to the Kings close as relative, but ideally it be someone who is in the bloodline chosen by the previous king

64
Q

What was the real turning point of the battle of Hastings?

A

The death of Harold, as it’s not certain how he died, either an arrow to the eye or cut pieces by William Knight

65
Q

What people swore loyalty to the king, and promised to lend him their armies if necessary

A

most the land was ruled on the Kings behalf by Dukes or counts

66
Q

what did William persuade the king of Frank to help him with?

A

In 1047, William persuaded the king of Frank to help crush the rebels

67
Q

What did Harold do when he found out about William plans?

A

quickly began to defend his kingdom, raise more taxes use them to pay for the fyrd (army)

68
Q

what people were given land in return called a fief

A

dukes and counts became the kings vessal. He gave him land for loyalty. This arrangement is called the feudal system.

69
Q

What happened by the summertime to Williams Army?

A

A huge camp of soldiers, archers and Knights had assembled by August. William was ready to invade.

70
Q

what happened in june 1066

A

soldiers were waiting for the Norman invasion, they did not arrive. By September Harold army was running out of food and men were needed for harvest

71
Q

normandy was stable and wealthy until the 11th century crisis. Why was this?

A

William became Duke at the age of eight, but it’s too young to rule

72
Q

And how many days did King, Harold, assemble an army of how many men?

A

In two days, he said, wouldn’t army of 15,000 men which roughly included 3000 of his elite troops called the house calls

73
Q

where did Harold go gather a new army?

A

SOUTH, London, London in 4 to 5 days

74
Q

What was a common no tactic before 1066

A

fiend retreats, which was a deliberate trick

75
Q

how did Harold Godwinson win the support of two powerful earls of mercy, and Northumbria

A

by promising to marry , their sister

History (15 decks)

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