Normans - The Church Flashcards
(48 cards)
Why was religion so important in the Middle Ages?
- Religion was a matter of life or death
- Religious leaders were as powerful as kings
- The Pope was the most powerful person in England.
- Everywhere in England had a parish church with a priest.
Why was religion so important in the Middle Ages? (Give 4 reasons)
- Religion was a matter of life or death. 2. Religious leaders were as powerful as kings. 3. The Pope was the most powerful individual in Europe. 4. Every village had a church with a priest.
What was a tithe?
A tax that equated to 1/10th of what villagers produced.
Why was the Church so wealthy? (Give 3 reasons)
- Everyone had to pay a tithe. 2. Other taxes were paid at times like Easter. 3. People were taxed for baptisms, marriages, and funerals.
Who did William appoint to be Archbishop?
Lanfranc.
What were the three criticisms made of the Saxon church?
- Clergy held multiple positions (pluralism). 2. Church positions were sold (simony). 3. Positions were given to relatives and friends (nepotism). 4. Many clergy were married.
What was the name of the corrupt Anglo-Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury?
Stigand.
What were the five reforms Lanfranc made to the Church?
- Established church councils (Synods). 2. Moved cathedrals to larger towns and cities. 3. Created a more centralized church hierarchy. 4. Developed parishes and roles of parish priests. 5. Officially ended marriage among clergy.
What established church courts?
The Council of Winchester in 1076.
What did the establishment of church courts mean?
Clergy were now tried in church courts instead of lay courts.
Why did church courts lead to resentment?
They were more lenient than lay courts.
How did the Normans change cathedrals?
- Built in Romanesque style. 2. Moved them to towns and cities. 3. Rebuilt them in stone instead of wood.
Why did the Normans change cathedrals?
- Showed their power. 2. Showed that God favored them. 3. Helped control the local area.
Give an example of a Norman cathedral.
Ely, Lincoln, Durham.
What was the Romanesque style?
Combined Roman and Byzantine styles; thick walls, round decorative arches, large towers, symmetrical patterns, little decoration.
What was William II’s attitude towards the Church?
He wanted to make money from it.
Why did the Church disapprove of William II?
He was homosexual and exploited the Church.
When was there a rebellion against William II?
1088
What happened when Lanfranc died in 1089?
William II delayed replacing him to take money from his estates.
When, why, and who did William II finally replace Lanfranc with?
Anselm, 1093. William fell ill and thought God was punishing him.
What did Anselm criticize the king for?
Lack of morality at his court and leaving bishoprics empty.
Why was the Council of Rockingham called in 1095?
William II refused to allow Anselm to go to Rome for the Pope’s confirmation of his appointment, as that would mean accepting Pope Urban II’s authority.
What was agreed at the Council of Rockingham?
The King sent a messenger to Rome, forcing the Pope to confirm Anselm but stay out of English affairs.
Why did relations with Anselm continue to be difficult?
The King blocked his church reforms and Anselm refused to pay higher taxes or provide more knights.
