North America Flashcards

Question

Mendocino County AVA known for sparkling wines

Answer 1

Anderson Valley

Answer 2

Mendocino Ridge

Answer 3

``` Pinot Noir (old vine) Zinfandel ```

Answer 4

Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak

Answer 5

Cole Ranch (located in Mendocino County)

Answer 6

``` Benmore Valley Clear Lake High Valley Red Hills Lake County Big Valley District Lake County Kelsey Bench Lake County Guenoc Valley ```

Answer 7

San Luis Obispo County

Answer 8

``` Santa Maria Valley Santa Ynez Valley Ballard Canyon Los Olivos District Sta. Rita Hills Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara ```

Answer 9

Ben Lomond Mountain AVA

Answer 10

``` Alta Mesa Borden Ranch Clements Hills Cosumnes River Jahant Mokelumne River Sloughhouse ```

Answer 11

Sierra Foothills AVA | large in size, but low in vine acreage as only about 1% of total area is planted to vines

Answer 12

Original (1833) name of the estate of Jean-Luis Vignes; one of the first commercial wineries in Southern California

Answer 13

Cabernet Sauvignon | Merlot

Answer 14

Chardonnay | Riesling

Answer 15

``` Columbia Valley Lake Chelan Wahluke Slope Naches Heights Horse Heaven Hills Ancient Lakes of Columbia Valley Walla Walla Valley Yakima Valley Rattlesnake Hills Snipes Mountain Red Mountain Columbia Gorge Lewis-Clark Valley Puget Sound ```

Answer 16

Lewis-Clark Valley

Answer 17

Puget Sound

Answer 18

Columbia Valley

Answer 19

Red Mountain Rattlesnake HIlles Snipes Mountain

Answer 20

Columbia Valley Columbia Gorge Walla Walla Valley

Answer 21

The Rocks District of Milton-Freewater

Answer 22

The cobblestone-rich soils that define the borders of the AVA

Answer 23

Pinot Noir

Answer 24

Pinot Gris

Answer 25

``` Dundee Hills Ribbon Ridge Eola-Amity Hills McMinnville Yamhill-Carlton Chehalem Mountains Van Duzer Corridor ```

Answer 26

Elkton Oregon | Red Hill Douglas County

Answer 27

Applegate Valley

Answer 28

Snake River Valley

Answer 29

Must contain a minimum of 90% of the stated variety (applies to some other varieties as well)

Answer 30

Finger Lakes AVA

Answer 31

Seneca Lake | Cayuga Lake

Answer 32

Riesling Cabernet Franc (Also: labrusca grapes and cold-hardy hybrids)

Answer 33

Dr. Konstantin Frank

Answer 34

Long Island AVA North Fork of Long Island AVA Hamptons AVA

Answer 35

Brotherhood Winery (Hudson River Region AVA)

Answer 36

Considered to be the oldest vineyard in the US

Answer 37

Ontario British Columbia Nova Scotia Quebec

Answer 38

VQA (Vintner's Quality Alliance)

Answer 39

Niagara Peninsula

Answer 40

Lake Erie North Shore Niagara Peninsula Prince Edward County

Answer 41

Beamsville Bench Short Hills Bench Twenty Mile Bench

Answer 42

Four Mile Creek Niagara Lakeshore St. David's Bench

Answer 43

Creek Shores Lincoln Lakeshore Vinemount Ridge

Answer 44

Okanagan Valley

Answer 45

``` Fraser Valley Gulf Islands Kootenays, Lillooet Okanagan Valley Shuswap Similkameen Valley Thompson Valley Vancouver Island ```

Answer 46

Golden Mile Bench Naramata Bench Okanagan Falls Skaha Bench

Answer 47

Valle de Guadalupe

Answer 48

4th, behind France, Italy, and Spain in volume output (over 350 million cases)

Answer 49

It is the largest consumer per capita of wine in the world, as well as its drinkers drinking better quality and more expensive wines than their counterparts in most other countries. It is amongst the world leaders in both imports and exports every year.

Answer 50

California is the leader at 88%

Answer 51

Washington New York Oregon

Answer 52

``` Virginia Texas Pennsylvania Michigan Missouri Ohio Florida ``` Other states have thriving local wine scenes, but only fractionally contribute to the overall total

Answer 53

More than 10,000, with at least one in all 50 states

Answer 54

In Canada, the inland areas of British Columbia and the Great Lakes are of Ontario For Mexico, in Baja California

Answer 55

Prohibition. It took a long time after the repeal to reemerge, and even longer to gain an international standing

Answer 56

Texas/New Mexico -- in the 1620s | California -- 1770s

Answer 57

Native grapevines had a flavor component that was unpalatable, and European varieties lacked resistance to native pests, especially phylloxera.

Answer 58

Beginning in the 1800s, a sustainable industry developed around Concord grapes and new hybrids that were disease and pest resistant, with a better flavor profile

Answer 59

Lack of demand, primarily

Answer 60

Catholic missionaries -- for small scale sacramental wine production

Answer 61

The unexciting Mission grape (Criolla family)

Answer 62

The expansion west, victory in the Mexican wars of the 1800s, and above all the California gold rush in 1849. Population exploded, as did alcohol demand, and commerical wineries already present in southern California now began springing up in northern California as well

Answer 63

Primarily by Italian, Swiss, and German immigrants with vines brought or imported from Europe -- leading to a thriving industry by the turn of the 20th century

Answer 64

Vines did not naturally occur in the western United States, so infected cuttings brought back from Europe finally reached California in the late 1800s

Answer 65

There were exceptions for religious and medicinal purposes, as well as what was allowed to be made by families for their own consumption

Answer 66

Up to 200 gallons

Answer 67

They went out of business

Answer 68

It actually increased, but winegrowers switched to higher yielding varieties, which made blends less destinctive in flavor and intensity after Repeal, that had to be marketed with misleadingly familiar names like Chablis and Burgundy

Answer 69

With the passage of the 21st Amendment in 1933

Answer 70

In the 1960s, largely attributable to a return to fashion and increased demand

Answer 71

Robert Mondavi Mike Grgich Warren Winiarski Several others also focused on producing wines to compete with French counterparts

Answer 72

May 24th, 1976 Also called the Paris Tasting

Answer 73

California Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon defeated the finest Burgundy and Bordeaux wines of France

Answer 74

Stag's Leap Wine Cellars SLV 1973, made by Warren Winiarski from three year old vines

Answer 75

Chateau Montelena Chardonnay 1973 (Calistoga) made under Jim Barrett

Answer 76

The focus became varietally labeled wines, and place of origin became very important to buyers

Answer 77

Ernest and Julio Gallo

Answer 78

Almost singlehandedly responsible for consistent and reasonably priced wine being on the table after Prohibition

Answer 79

Hungarian immigrant responsible for bringing many European vines to Sonoma in 1861

Answer 80

Founder of the first Napa Valley winery in 1861

Answer 81

Fouder of the first successful US commercial winery in the 1830s, made first US sparkling wine from grapes grown in Ohio River Valley

Answer 82

California winemaker instrumental in establishing reputation of Californian (and US by extension) wine quality amongst consumers

Answer 83

Wine jounalist credited with introducing and promoting varietal labeling to help California better define its wines

Answer 84

California winemaker who introduced many modern winemaking techniques to the USA and mentored many other winemakers

Answer 85

Son of Sutter Home co-founder Mario Trinchero, he developed the idea of making a white wine out of the ZInfandel grape

Answer 86

It saved many Zinfandel plantings from being torn up or abandoned

Answer 87

Government oversight, and of course, tax collection

Answer 88

Producers or suppliers (Essentially synonymous with wineries, but also including importers as US-based representatives of foreign wineries) Distributors or Whole Salers Retailers

Answer 89

On Premise | Off Premise

Answer 90

1 - Wineries can sell only to distributors, not directly to retailers or consumers. 2 - Foreign wineries must sell their wine through a US based import company 3 - Distributors cannot have direct ownership of wineries or retail establishments and cannot sell directly to the public 4 - Retailers must remain independent of the other tiers

Answer 91

Winery tasting rooms

Answer 92

The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)

Answer 93

Enforcing laws relevant to alcohol production, importation, wholesaling, and the collection of alcohol excise tax

Answer 94

The Bureau of Alchol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) Additionally, every state and most cities, counties, and towns have beverage control departments to enforce state laws

Answer 95

Primarily wineries but also importers. The term producer is interchangeable with supplier

Answer 96

To a distributor To an importer, if crossing internation boundaries In bulk to another winery Direct to consumer at the winery, state and local law permitting Direct to consumer shopping, if state and local law allows

Answer 97

The distribution tier, though many other brokers and intermediaries may be involved besides the actual distributor

Answer 98

State by state. Some operate in many states, but none yet in every state

Answer 99

By setting up technically separate companies that cooperate closely

Answer 100

Yes. In some states it is even necessary

Answer 101

A state wherein the state governement itself has become the only legal distribution agent

Answer 102

A state wherein state laws grant distributors exclusive rights over suppliers brands, giving the distributor significant leverage and making it nearly impossible for the supplier to change distributors. The relationship is more equal in non-franchise states

Answer 103

The interface between the wine industry and the consuming public. They buy wine from distributors, mark it up to cover costs and make profit, and make it available to consumers

Answer 104

There are no rules regarding approved varieties, minimum or maximum crop yields, planting densities, or vinification techniques that must be followed to use the place-name. Place names do not dictate a style of winemaking in the US

Answer 105

The entire country, a single state, multistate (3 max), a single US county, and multicounty (3 max).

Answer 106

American Viticultural Area A delineated area that has unifying viticultural characteristics regardless of where they fall relative to the TTB's political boundaries

Answer 107

No. Some are as small as 1/4 sq. mile, while others are as large as several thousand square miles (of dubious usefulness). It is not uncommon for AVAs to nest within one another, with the small ones producing wines of greater distinction

Answer 108

As of December 2019, 246 in over 30 states, with 139 in California

Answer 109

``` Brand Name Class or type of wine Alcohol content Name and address of bottler or importer Place of origin (country or more specific) for all imports or if a vintage date is included on the label Volume of the bottle Sulfite Statement (in almost all cases) Health Warning ```

Answer 110

``` Vintage date Grape variety or varieties Appellation of origin The term "estate bottled" Optional information on the wine, winery, or related subject matter Label art ```

Answer 111

Brand name Class/type of wine Alcohol content All other items mentioned may appear there, or on one or more printed labels. For example, a small vintage label can be attached to the neck in the case of wines where only the vintage date changes from year to year and nothing else

Answer 112

False. Many wineries make a minimalist brand label with only the required information, and a more visually appealing back label with everything else that inevitably faces forward on shelves

Answer 113

Usually the most prominent words on a label. May be the name of the producing winery, a certain product line from a large producer or a proprietary name identifying the wine

Answer 114

An indication of the kind of wine in the bottle. For most this is the grape variety/varieties or an appellation on the label. In other instances, it must satisfy the TTB designated classes such as "table wine," "sparkling red wine," or "fruit wine," etc.

Answer 115

Terms that are sometimes used to designate a class or type of wine that has been "borrowed" from the Old World wine names to describe American wines made in a similar style for a century or more

Answer 116

Chablis, Burgundy, Chianti, Port (but not Porto), and Madeira, as they have been used for so long they have lost their explicit reference to the original wine zone.

Answer 117

A US geographic term must also be used (i.e. American Chablis or California Port Wine, etc.) and ONLY if the labels were approved prior to March 2006

Answer 118

March 2006

Answer 119

No, but the market for them in the US continues. After the signing of the US European Community Trade in Wine Agreement was singed, no new applications will be accepted nor approved by the TTB

Answer 120

Rioja, Bordeaux, and others not specifically mentioned

Answer 121

Only if used on a label as California Champagne prior to 2006. No labels submitted after that have been or will be approved by the TTB

Answer 122

As "table wine"

Answer 123

Up to 1.5% between the declared alcohol level and the actual alcohol content. On wines with more than 14% the variance can only be up to 1%.

Answer 124

Large wineries producing millions of gallons do not have to print new labels from batch to batch when alcohol levels can vary slightly

Answer 125

Often on vintage-dated wines

Answer 126

Often it is the winery that made the wine. In the case of foreign wines it is often the importer, or the wine merchant/negociant who bought bulk wine for blending/bottling

Answer 127

Maximum participation is indicated by the "Grown, produced, and bottled by..." While for wines from a negociant the label may read "Blended, cellared, and bottled by..."

Answer 128

No. US wine law specifies only 75% of the wine from a country be sourced from the stated country. So, for example, an "American Wine" may contain up to 25% foreign bulk wine.

Answer 129

Exact percentages must be given

Answer 130

10 parts per million, which actually encompasses nearly all wine.

Answer 131

With the names of actual chemicals added, if any, for example "Contains Potassium Metabisulfite"

Answer 132

Wineries may not rebut or undermine the statements by putting anything on the label suggesting health benefits between consumption of alcohol, wine, or any substance in the bottle. They also cannot refer consumers to a third party source that does the same.

Answer 133

From an AVA or foreign equivalent: 95% | 85% if from a US state or couny, or foreign equivalent (IGP, IGT, other second-tier, etc.)

Answer 134

It allows winemakers to top up barrels from year to year, averaging out quality without significantly changing the overall character of the primary vintage

Answer 135

If a single varietal appears, then a minimum of 75% must be that grape, grown in the cited appellation.

Answer 136

Native North American grapes of the species Vitis labrusca, which can be as low as 51% Oregon -- which requires its iconic varieties (Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, and Chardonnay) to be at least 90% of the named variety

Answer 137

All varieties and their percentages must be named

Answer 138

Yes, but many who export to the EU follow the 85% minimum content standard of the EU to avoid any difficulties

Answer 139

Term permitted for use with wines that are made in the style and with the grapes of Bordeaux

Answer 140

To allow New World wines the opportunity to compete with the blends of Bordeaux without having to label them as generic table wine

Answer 141

The winery must be a member of the Meritage Alliance (as it is now known) Wine must be the winery's most expensive wine of its style Production cannot exceed 25k cases

Answer 142

Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Malbec, St. Macaire, Gros Verdot, and Carmenere White: Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, and Muscadelle

Answer 143

At least 2 varieties used and a max of 90% of any single variety

Answer 144

``` Country State County AVA Vineyard ``` Theoretically as the places of origin get smaller, the quality increases

Answer 145

As with vintage and variety, a small proportion can come from outside -- 75%

Answer 146

California/Oregon -- for state appellation must be 100% | Washington -- 95%

Answer 147

Yes, it is possible to name two or three contiguous states or counties provided percentages from each are named

Answer 148

85% must be from that AVA

Answer 149

95% of the grapes must be from that vineyard

Answer 150

The grapes must be from one or more vineyards owned or leased by the winery Vineyards must be within a single AVA Winery must also be located in that AVA Some very large AVAs may allow many miles between vineyard and winery

Answer 151

Terms such as Reserve, Special Selection, and Old Vines may be added, and are often used ot differentiate between a company's many product lines, but have no legal meaning at the federal level. Descriptions of wine's attributes, suggested serving temps, and other technical details may also be included.

Answer 152

If it contains misleading information, health claims, or anything considered indecent

Answer 153

Between 32 and 49N, with northern Mexico and southwestern Canada takin up the remaining bits of the temperate winegrowing latitudes.

Answer 154

The interior has a continental climate with weather extremes that make commercial grape growing difficult

Answer 155

A combination of factors. Global air circulation brings significant rain to the exposed Pacific northwest, and the same air patterns force arctic currents south down the coast all the way to Mexico. A series of mountain ranges (the Coast Range in California and Oregon, and the Cascades in Washington) block much of the wetter coastal air from reaching the drier interior

Answer 156

The opposite air flow patterns from the west coast bring up humid, subtropical air from the Caribbean, and the lack of mountains leave the Eastern Seaboard deeply penetrated by conditions that are perfect for fungi and plant diseases, raising the price of grape growing and limiting the choices of viable grapes.

Answer 157

For the wild grapes they found growing there. They were not Vinifera varieties, however, but Labrusca

Answer 158

Fox grapes, for the foxy flavor component. The grapes were also intensely acidic

Answer 159

Phylloxera and disease, these causes were not readily identified early on. As a result, native North American grapes continued to be used for wine.

Answer 160

Catawba, Delaware, Niagara, and Concord There is speculation that these all have one or more vinifera ancestors, and as such are often called North American hybrids. They still have overwhelmingly labrusca characteristics.

Answer 161

Hybridization | Grafting

Answer 162

Creating a hybrid with NA resistance and vinifera flavor profile. This was a temporary solution in France, but are a step up in quality and still very popular on the US east coast.

Answer 163

Seyval Blanc Vidal Blanc Chambourcin (red)

Answer 164

When the upper part, or scion, of a vinifera is grafted onto a North American rootstock, the graft would become the lower trunk, while everything above, including the fruit, was 100% vinifera. Most vinifera vines around the world are now grafted onto North American rootstocks.

Answer 165

Rate of growth and pairing the wine with a specific kind of soil and climate to which it is best adapted

Answer 166

Primarily the 10 or 12 main international varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay, etc.)

Answer 167

It is identical to the native Croatian grape Crljenak (Tribidrag)

Answer 168

In the 1820s thanks to George Gibbs.

Answer 169

By 1829 -- Zinfardel was being used, which eventually morphed into Zinfandel. No one knows the etymology or meaning of the word

Answer 170

Identical to a grape called Durif, which is a Syrah and Peloursin cross that happened by chance in the nursery of French botanist Francois Durif

Answer 171

More than 300, with 47 that are pending. Within the list there are some grapes that are identical.

Answer 172

Fume Blanc

Answer 173

Mataro and Monastrell

Answer 174

Muscat Canelli

Answer 175

Pinot Grigio

Answer 176

Valdepenas

Answer 177

White Riesling

Answer 178

Ugni Blanc

Answer 179

Gamay Beaujolais for Pinot Noir or Valdiguie Johannisberg Riesling for Riesling Napa Gamay for Valdiguie or Gamay

Answer 180

More than 61 billion of the state's 121 billion

Answer 181

Ample sunshine, mild winters, generally low humidity, and a Mediterranean climate that rarely brings any rainfall or even clouds in the summer or during harvest season

Answer 182

Cooling sea breezes that moderate the heat and provide perfect growing conditions

Answer 183

Between Santa Barbara and Mendocino Counties inland from break in the coastal mountain regions

Answer 184

North Coast Sierra Foothills San Francisco Bay Central Coast

Answer 185

All or part of Napa, Sonoma, Mendocino, Lake, Marin, and Solano counties -- all of which are located north of San Francsico Bay

Answer 186

In the Sierra Nevada Mountains east of Sacramento

Answer 187

Covering the area from San Francisco and Oakland south to Santa Cruz (overlaps a portion of the Central Coast AVA)

Answer 188

Takes in teh Pacific coast counties between Oakland and Santa Barbara

Answer 189

Below Los Angeles

Answer 190

Loosely by climate and geology

Answer 191

To allow grapes from several distant quality wine regions to be blended and still qualify for AVA and estate bottled status

Answer 192

Central Valley, particularly the San Joaquin Valley south of Sacramento

Answer 193

table grapes, juice, and raisins, but also for a considerable amount of wine

Answer 194

No, despite being the largest vineyard acreage in teh state and encompassing nearly 300,000 acres (121,400 ha)

Answer 195

Napa County, in particular Napa Valley AVA and its sub-appellations

Answer 196

Its powerful Cabernet Sauvignons and Cabernet-led Bordeaux-style blends

Answer 197

More than 400

Answer 198

San Joaquin Sonoma Napa (45,000 acres/18,200 ha)

Answer 199

Almost a tenth, but because vineyard yields are kept low, the county's wine production is just 4% of the state total by volume

Answer 200

Napa County lies north of San Pablo Bay, an upper extension of San Francisco Bay, with the Napa River generally running north to south the length of the county. The Napa Valley itself is a very narrow valley, flanked by mountain ranges on either side that separate the valley from Solano County to the east and Sonoma County to the west.

Answer 201

Protect the valley proper from the cold air coming off the Pacific Ocean, keeping the valley warm and sunny throughout most of the growing season.

Answer 202

Mediterranean, although there is some variation within the valley because of the geography

Answer 203

The air that works its way north off the chilly waters of San Pablo Bay. The high pressure and heat of California's interior pulls cool air off the bay, bringing frequent morning fogs and keeping the southern part of the county significantly cooler than the valley further north.

Answer 204

Fog, which cools the valley floor it blankets before it burns off while the hillsides are warmer since they sit above the fog. The hillsides are generally cooler though due to elevation.

Answer 205

The higher elevations with the valley floor being warmer despite the cooling fog

Answer 206

The eastern side of the valley is drier and warmer because it is a farther distance from the ocean, while the western appellations are subject to cooler temperatures and greater oceanic influence.

Answer 207

About 3/4ths

Answer 208

Cabernet Sauvignon followed by Merlot and Pinot Noir.

Answer 209

Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

Answer 210

``` Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Pinot Noir Zinfandel Cabernet Franc Petite Sirah Syrah Petit Verdot Malbec ```

Answer 211

``` Chardonnay Sauvignon Blanc Semillon Pinot Gris/Grigio Muscat ```

Answer 212

22,000 acres (8,900 ha)

Answer 213

Diverse Terroir

Answer 214

North Coast

Answer 215

Napa Valley AVA

Answer 216

Valley floor appellations

Answer 217

``` Calistoga AVA St. Helena AVA Rutherford AVA Oakville AVA Yountville AVA Stags Leap District AVA Chiles Valley AVA ```

Answer 218

Calistoga AVA

Answer 219

100F (38C), although the proximity to the Chalk Hill Gap can bring cooling breezes in the evenings

Answer 220

Cabernet Sauvignon, Zinfandel, Syrah, and Petite Sirah

Answer 221

Less fog Less wind More heat retention

Answer 222

``` Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Cabernet Franc Zinfandel Several white varieties ```

Answer 223

Its "Rutherford dust" -- a unique soil type and climate resulting in wines with firm tannins

Answer 224

Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Cabernet Franc Sauvignon Blanc

Answer 225

Fairly warm area with a good deal of moderating influence from the night and early morning fog

Answer 226

Cabernet Sauvignon Cabernet Franc Merlot Sauvignon Blanc

Answer 227

Moderate climate area influenced by morning fog and the strong breezes off of San Pablo Bay. Afternoons here are typically cooler than those located farther north in the valley

Answer 228

Moderately warm area, somewhat cooled by afternoon winds. The bare rocks of Stags Leap itself and the surrounding hills radiate warmth meaning the mid-summer temperatures can reach as high as 100F (37.7 C), but are typically in the mid-90s

Answer 229

Somewhat to the east of the valley floor appellations and extends into the hillsides of the Vaca Mountains

Answer 230

Summer days are fairly warm, but the vineyards at the higher elevations (which go as high as 1,200 ft or 366m) get quite chilly at night

Answer 231

Proximity to the San Pablo Bay

Answer 232

Oak Knoll District of Napa Valley AVA Coombsville AVA Carneros/Los Carneros AVA Wild Horse Valley AVA

Answer 233

Cool, well-balanced with a good deal of marine influence and fog that often remains until late-morning

Answer 234

``` Chardonnay (leading) Merlot Cabernet Sauvignon Pinot Noir Riesling ```

Answer 235

One of the cooler areas of Napa, located very close to San Pablo Bay. Daytime temperatures in the summer can be as many as 10 degrees lower than most other Napa AVAs.

Answer 236

Develop Botrytis

Answer 237

Sonoma County | Napa County

Answer 238

Located ot the south (and extending to the east) of Oak Knoll, it is one of the coolest regions of Napa

Answer 239

Mainly Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, some of which go into the county's sparkling wines

Answer 240

Napa County | Solano County

Answer 241

One of the coolest areas of Napa due to its proximity to San Pablo Bay

Answer 242

Pinot Noir | Chardonnay

Answer 243

In the Mayacamas Mountains to the west of the valley (along the border with Sonoma County) as well as a few located in the Vaca Mountains to the east

Answer 244

Mayacamas | Vaca

Answer 245

``` Mount Veeder AVA Diamond Mountain District AVA Spring Mountain District AVA Howell Mountain AVA Atlas Peak AVA ```

Answer 246

Cool-to-moderate climate area located along the border with Sonoma. Summertime highs average 85F (29C). Elevations range from 500 to 2,600 ft (152-192 m) with most vineyards above the fog line

Answer 247

Moderately warm climate, located along the border with Sonoma. Temperatures in the summer can reach as high as 90F (32C) and see less temperature fluctuation than those on the valley floor below. Elevation ranges form 400 to 2,200 ft (122 to 671 m)

Answer 248

Located along the border with Sonoma, this region is cool-to-moderate, depending on elevation and aspect. Typical summertime highs reach 85F (29C) and elevation ranges from 600 to 2,600 ft (183-792 m)

Answer 249

Above the fog line on the eastern side of the valley

Answer 250

It is the only appellation in Napa that is elevation specific -- with the boundaries drawn at the 1,400 ft (425 m) contour, while central portions of the AVA reach up to 2,400 ft (730 m) in elevation

Answer 251

Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Zinfandel Viognier

Answer 252

Located on teh eastern side of the county in the Vaca Range and with vineyards planted at 760-2,600 ft (232-792 m) above sea level.

Answer 253

Cabernet Sauvignon | Chardonnay

Answer 254

Sonoma is less widely known, not as centralized as Napa, and is more diverse in terms of terroir -- which contributes to its less prominent identity and many believe to its charm

Answer 255

1850s, with quality vinifera grape varieties introduced to the area in the 1860s. It has remained at the forefront of wine production ever since, even during Prohibition.

Answer 256

Contains 60 miles (96 km) of coastline, so it is more storngly influenced by the ocean than the more inland areas like Napa, and the immediate coastal zone is a marginal winegrowing region.

Answer 257

Either block or channel the fog and keep a barrier between the cold ocean water and the majority of the vineyard areas of Sonoma

Answer 258

Areas where the sea breezes penetrate -- most notably the gape where the Russian River breaks through the coastal range.

Answer 259

In the northeast corner, furthest from the moderating influences

Answer 260

About 2/3rds

Answer 261

Pinot Noir and Cabernet Sauvignon, although Merlot and Zinfandel are also important

Answer 262

Chardonnay -- which accounts for 80% of the county's white wines

Answer 263

``` Pinot Noir Cabernet Sauvignon Zinfandel Merlot Syrah Petite Sirah Cabernet Franc Malbec Sangiovese Petit Verdot ```

Answer 264

``` Chardonnay Sauvignon Blanc Pinot Gris/Grigio Viognier Semillon ```

Answer 265

The AVAs of Sonoma cover a larger area than the AVAs of Napa, and there is no one single AVA covering the majority of the county. Sonoma's AVAs are more like overlapping pieces of a puzzle

Answer 266

Exceptionally cool climate and a high degree of rainfall -- even relative to other parts of Sonoma.

Answer 267

Pacific Ocean from San Pablo Bay to the border with Mendocino

Answer 268

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and cool-climate Syrah

Answer 269

Numerous mountian ridges, hills, and valleys

Answer 270

Fort Ross-Seaview AVA | Petaluma Gap AVA

Answer 271

Sub-appellation of the Sonoma Coast AVA located in the northern, coastal area

Answer 272

Sub-appellation of the Sonoma Coast Ava shared between Sonoma and Marin Counties

Answer 273

Steep, mountainous region with plantings generally at 800 to 1,800 ft (244 to 550 m) above sea level

Answer 274

From the Petaluma Gap -- a geological feature known as a wind gap -- that is actually a 15-mile-wide area of low-lying hills that create something of an opening in the otherwise much taller coastal mountains

Answer 275

Almost daily west-to-east afternoon breezes that range from 8 to 20 miles an hour and cool the area

Answer 276

Pinot Noir Chardonnay Syrah

Answer 277

Located in the county's center (inland of the Russian River's cut through the coastal range)

Answer 278

Cool climate, although warmer than the coast. These lower-temperature areas are influenced by the maritime air and morning fogs

Answer 279

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay -- produced in both still and sparkling wines

Answer 280

Single vineyard wines

Answer 281

Green Valley of Russian River Valley | Chalk Hill

Answer 282

One of the smaller AVAs of Sonoma County and considered to be the most consistent in terms of its cool, foggy climate and sandy soils

Answer 283

From the chalky appearance of the area's volcanic white soils

Answer 284

Slightly warmer than the surrounding areas, it is well-known for robust Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

Answer 285

Covers a thin stretch of land located between the Sonoma Mountains to the west and the Mayacamas Mountains to the east

Answer 286

The mountains to the west block much of the cooling influence coming from the Pacific Ocean, however, the AVA lies in the watershed of Sonoma Creek -- which drains into San Pablo Bay and allows for the cooling effects and fog of the bay to penetrate inland

Answer 287

Sonoma Mountains AVA Bennett Valley AVA Moon Mountain District Sonoma County AVA Carneros/Los Carneros AVA

Answer 288

Small but diverse area located in the hills to the east of the Sonoma Valley

Answer 289

Above the fog line and on east-facing slopes, making for long days of full sun. Other vineyards are planted in the valleys with varying levels of sun -- as such this small area is planted to a wide range of grape varieties

Answer 290

Located in a valley just to the north of the Sonoma Mountains AVA. Surrounded by hills, this is one of the cooler areas of Sonoma Valley

Answer 291

Along the western slopes of the Mayacamas Mountains, on the border between Napa and Sonoma

Answer 292

Its red, rocky, and iron-rich volcanic soils

Answer 293

In the inland areas to the north of the Sonoma Valley, the average temperatures steadily rise, and these regions typically experience much warmer climates than those closer to the waters

Answer 294

``` Dry Creek Valley AVA Rockpile AVA Alexander Valley AVA Knights Valley AVA Pine Mountain/Cloverdale Peak AVA Fountaingrove District AVA ```

Answer 295

Dry Creek Valley, the variety has been cultivated continuously in the region for over 100 years

Answer 296

Just two miles wide, Dry Creek Valley is located on the southern edge of Lake SOnoma and follows Dry Creek (a tributary of the Russian River)

Answer 297

The area's signature wine -- its rich flavorful Zinfandel -- is typically grown on the hillsides alongside Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon. The slightly cooler valley floor is known for Sauvignon Blanc as well.

Answer 298

Located on a high ridge above Lake Sonoma, it is a sunny mountainous area

Answer 299

Up to 1900 ft (580 m)

Answer 300

Like its neighbor-to-the-south Dry Creek Valley, Rockpile is best known for rich, intensely colored Zinfandel

Answer 301

Stretches along the Russian River for 20 miles (33 km) with vineyards planted from the banks of the river and westward into the foothills of the Mayacamas Mountains

Answer 302

This is one of the warmer parts of Sonoma and is well-known for vibrant, fruit-driven Cabernet Sauvignon

Answer 303

Napa | Lake

Answer 304

Cabernet Sauvignon

Answer 305

Warm region consisting of several miles of mountainous terrain with well-drained soils and abundant sunshine

Answer 306

Sonoma | Mendocino

Answer 307

Located in part on the slopes of Pine Mountain itself, it is one of the highest elevation grape-growing regions in California with vineyards ranging form 1,600 to 3,000 ft (488 to 914 m) above sea level

Answer 308

Just to the north of the Sonoma Valley AVA in the area between the Sonoma Coast AVA and the Napa Valley AVA. Most of the vineyards in the area are located in the foothills of the Maacamas Mountains -- some as high as 2000 ft (700 m) above sea level

Answer 309

Sonoma Valley | Carneros

Answer 310

Much of the wine grown and produced within the boundaries of Sonoma County to use an AVA as its place of origin, and in many cases also qualifies the wine to use the term "estate bottled" on the label

Answer 311

It is mountainous and forested, most of the vinearyds within the county are generally confined to river valleys

Answer 312

Anderson Valley

Answer 313

The long, narrow valley in the south-central part of the county has a marginal climate that has proven excellent for Pinot Noir and sparkling wine production. Although planted in smaller quanitites, aromatic white grapes such as Riesling, Gewurztraminer, and Pinot Gris also produce wines that are highly regarded

Answer 314

It is noncontiguous, as only the areas at elevations of 1,200 ft (366 m) above sea level or higher are included

Answer 315

Islands in the SKy

Answer 316

Because of its location above the fog line, the vines receive plenty of cool-climate sunshine. Much of the area in this AVA is steep-sloped and covered with forests

Answer 317

Currently just over 250 acres (101 ha)

Answer 318

New plantings are largely Pinot Noir, but the region maintains some old vine Zinfandel, which creates some of the most distinctive Zinfandels in the state

Answer 319

Along the eastern side of teh county connecting with adjacent Lake County

Answer 320

This relatively flat land in the watershed of the Russian River is well protected from maritime influence by the coastal mountains and therefore can get quite hot in midsummer, but it has cool nights.

Answer 321

Grapes to reach full maturity while retaining vibrant acidity

Answer 322

Cabernet Sauvignon Zinfandel Petite Sirah Rhone Varieties

Answer 323

Cole Ranch (60 acres/24 ha)

Answer 324

Mendocino County

Answer 325

Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Pinot Noir Riesling

Answer 326

Esterlina Winery

Answer 327

At the intersection of the Vaca and Mayacamas Mountains -- 10 miles from Calistoga.

Answer 328

One of the oldest geological lakes within the United States (Clear Lake) and it is the largest geothermal field in North America

Answer 329

It buffers the temperature, permitting grape growing despite the county's inland locale

Answer 330

Young volcanic soils

Answer 331

Average is 1500 ft (460 m) with some areas reaching up to 3000 ft (915 m) above sea level

Answer 332

High elevation coupled with good air quality (the purest in California according to the EPA)

Answer 333

The grapes develop thicker skins and higher levels of anthocyanins, polyphenols, and tannins, as well as lower levels of pyrazines.

Answer 334

Cabernet Sauvignon

Answer 335

Sauvignon Blanc Merlot Zinfandel Chardonnay

Answer 336

``` Benmore Valley AVA Clear Lake AVA High Valley AVA Red Hills Lake County AVA Big Valley District Lake County AVA Kelsey Bench Lake County AVA Guenoc Valley AVA ```

Answer 337

Conceptually, the Central Coast is the cool-climate area along the Pacific coast between San Francisco and Santa Barbara, defined by the maritime influence of the Pacific Ocean. Prevailing winds blowing across the cold ocean currents create blankets of fog, cooling the coastal areas as far inland as they can penetrate until stopped by mountains.

Answer 338

These areas are well-known for their Chardonnays, Pinot Noirs, and other well-structured, light- to medium-bodied wines

Answer 339

The areas generally have higher temperatures than those of the "coast"

Answer 340

One of the top 5 producing counties: nearly 20% of the state's Chardonnay is produced in Monterey

Answer 341

While it would seem the region would be warmer since it is in the south, there is a gap in the mountains where they begin to run east-west, or perpendicular rather than parallel to the ocean. This orientation plays a big role in the Monterey wine region, with the warmer air at the southwestern end of the valley creating a vacuum that pulls the cooler ocean air downstream.

Answer 342

Monterey AVA

Answer 343

Santa Lucia Highlands Arroyo Seco Chalone

Answer 344

Cool-climate grapes -- Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Blanc, and Pinot Grigio

Answer 345

San Lucas | Hames Valley

Answer 346

Cabernet Sauvignon | Rhone varieties

Answer 347

Paso Robles AVA York Mountain AVA Edna Valley AVA Arroyo Grande Valley AVA

Answer 348

It covers roughtly the entire northern half of San Luis Obispo County and extends across more than 666,500 acres (270,000 ha).

Answer 349

11 as of November 2014

Answer 350

``` Adelaida District AVA Creston District AVA El Pomar District AVA Paso Robles Estrella District AVA Paso Robles Geneseo District AVA Paso Robles Highlands District AVA Paso Robles Willow Creek District AVA San Juan Creek AVA San Miguel District AVA Santa Margarita Ranch AVA Templeton Gap AVA ```

Answer 351

The sub-appellations showcase the diversity of the larger area in terms of its range of soils, varying levels of marine influence, and elevations -- which range from 700 ft (213 m) to 2,400 ft (730 m) above sea level

Answer 352

``` Leading: Cabernet Sauvignon Zinfandel Merlot Grenache Syrah Mourvedre ``` Cooler Areas Chardonnay Pinot Noir (others)

Answer 353

Small AVA that sits on the western edge of Paso Robles. Mountainous region, very close to the ocean, that sits at the edge of the Templeton Gap.

Answer 354

Channel in the Santa Lucia Mountains that draws the cool air inland towards Paso Robles

Answer 355

Cool region located ot the south of Paso Robles and close to the coast

Answer 356

Chardonnay | Pinot Noir

Answer 357

Another cool region, located south of Edna Valley and close to the coast

Answer 358

Chardonnay | Pinot Noir

Answer 359

90 minutes north of Los Angeles

Answer 360

It is one of the few place on the California coast where both the coastline and the mountain ranges run east-west as opposed to north-south.

Answer 361

``` Santa Maria Valley AVA Santa Ynez Valley AVA Ballard Canyon AVA Los Olivos District AVA Sta. Rita Hillas AVA The Happy Canyon of Santa Barbara AVA ```

Answer 362

The northernmost AVA in Santa Barbara County it is often foggy and windswept

Answer 363

Cool climate grapes like Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

Answer 364

Long east-west corridor with a diversity of climates

Answer 365

Santa Ynez Valley

Answer 366

Somewhat centered within the larger Santa Ynez Valley AVA

Answer 367

Long been appreciated for spicy red wines produced from Syrah and Grenache

Answer 368

Subregion of the Santa Ynez Valley AVA, located just north of the Santa Ynez River, and just east of the Ballard Canyon AVA

Answer 369

Sits mostly within the larger Santa Ynez Valley AVA, it is located on its western border and therefore enjoys a much cooler climate than the inland areas

Answer 370

Subregion of the Santa Ynez Valley that is located on its eastern side

Answer 371

Local lore suggests that the name of the region comes from the time of Prohibition, when bootleg alcohol was produced in the area, prompting folks to "take a trip to Happy Canyon"

Answer 372

Huge expanse of fertile land between the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada Mountains

Answer 373

55% (amid major plantings of other agricultural crops)

Answer 374

Much of the grape crop goes into juice and raisin production, but a significant percentage is made into bulk wine

Answer 375

``` Chenin Blanc French Colombard Muscat Chardonnay Zinfandel Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot ```

Answer 376

It is located east of the San Francisco Bay and has an overall climate due to the presence of the largest gap in California's Coast Range, the Golden Gate entrance to San Francisco Bay. This gap provides access for the cool winds off the Pacific Ocean to penetrate inland, following the natural inlet of San Joaquin/Sacramento River Delta to the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains

Answer 377

100,000 (40,500 ha)

Answer 378

Mediterranean -- during the growing season, the Lodi area is typically sunny, with warm daytime temperatures, cooling "delta breezes" in the afternoon, and a significant drop in temperatures at night. Diurnal temperature shifts can be as much as 45 degrees Fahrenheit.

Answer 379

It allows for the development of rich fruit flavors and bright, crisp acids in the grapes and the wines made from them

Answer 380

``` Alta Mesa Borden Ranch Clements Hills Cosumnes River Jahant Mokelumne River Sloughhouse ```

Answer 381

Grows over 70 different grape varieties, and have gained a reputation for old-vine Zinfandel, Petite Sirah, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Viognier, as well as other Rhone, Italian, and Spanish varieties

Answer 382

Covers a scarttering of mostly high-elevation vineyards on the western slopes of the rugged Sierra Nevada range east of Sacramento and the Central Valley

Answer 383

Just over 1%

Answer 384

Overwhelmingly red varieties, particularly Zinfandel

Answer 385

``` North Yuba AVA Fiddletown AVA El Dorado AVA California Shenandoah Valley AVA Fair Play AVA ```

Answer 386

Southern California

Answer 387

Father Junipero Serra, who was a Spanish Franciscan missionary, that founded the first Catholic mission in California (1769) in what is now San Diego. This outpost -- San Diego de Alcala became the start of 9 missions up and down California. Winegrowing began this way with Mission grapes planted for sacrament.

Answer 388

1820s in what is now Loas Angeles

Answer 389

Jean-Louis Vignes -- 1833

Answer 390

El Alisto -- in honor of an ancient Sycamore tree growing near the entrance to his property.

Answer 391

Prohibition Pierce's Disease This led to the land becoming more valuable for development than for wine

Answer 392

It includes parts of the counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, San Diego, Orange, and Riverside

Answer 393

Temecula Valley -- located in Riverside County Ramona Valley -- San Diego County San Pasqual Valley -- San Diego County

Answer 394

Zinfandel (including some very old vines), Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Syrah. The area is also becoming increasingly known for Petite Sirah and Viognier

Answer 395

Not part of the South Coast AVA, it is just north of Los Angeles

Answer 396

The area's two existing AVAs -- Saddle Rock-Malibu and Malibu-Newton Canyon became sub-appellations of it

Answer 397

Cucamonga Valley AVA (shared by Riverside and San Bernardino Counties) Antelope Valley of the High California Desert AVA Sierra Pelona Valley AVA Leona Valley AVA

North America Flashcards

(455 cards)