Northern Ireland

Question 1

When and Why were there civil rights marches?

Answer 1

(1964-68 )Evidence that catholics were being discriminated against in employment and housing

Question 2

When and importance of apprentice boys?

Answer 2

(1969) Apprentice boys attacked on annual march to Derry by nationalists in the Catholic area. Images of RUC beating Catholics

Question 3

Britains reaction to Apprentice boys?

Answer 3

(Aug) troops came to attempt peace

Question 4

What did Heath impose in 1971?

Answer 4

Night time curfews and intro. to internment

Question 5

What was Bloody Sunday?

Answer 5

30th Jan 1972 Began as a civil rights march against internment

Question 6

Affects of Bloody Sunday

Answer 6

26 unarmed civilians shot
13 killed on the day

Question 7

Why was 1972 the bloodiest year of the troubles?

Answer 7

1382 explosions
480 people killed

Question 8

Heath’s action to incidents in 1972?

Answer 8

Brought direct rule from Westminster

Question 9

When was the Sunningdale agreement?

Answer 9

1973

Question 10

What was the Sunningdale agreement?

Answer 10

• a power-sharing executive of both nationalist and unionist
• new Northern Ireland Assembly elected under a system of proportional representation
  -Council of Ireland that would have some input from the ROI

Question 11

When did UUP vote to pull out of the Sunningdale agreement?

Answer 11

1974

Question 12

When and why did the Ulster Workers Council Strike?

Answer 12

1974 - To bring down the executive

Question 13

What were the effects of the 1974 strikes?

Answer 13

Britain declared a state of emergency, reimpose direct rule and Sunningdale collapsed

Question 14

In 1974, what was set up to determine the future of gov. in Northern Ireland?

Answer 14

Northern Irish Constitution Convention

Question 15

Why did the Northern Irish Consitution Convention dissolve?

Answer 15

(July 1975) majority for unionists in the election
–> opposed to any form of power-sharing
–> agreement with nationalists would not be possible

Question 16

When was Special Category status removed?

Answer 16

1976 - making political prisoners considered criminals

Question 17

What and When was the blanket protest?

Answer 17

1976- instead of wearing prisoners uniform they were either naked or wore a blanket

Question 18

When and what was Dirty protest?

Answer 18

1978- prisoners refused to leave cells and smeared excrement on walls

Question 19

When were the hunger strikes and who were they led by?

Answer 19

1980 - Bobby Sands and 11 died

Question 20

When were hunger strikes called off?

Answer 20

(Oct 1981)Special Catergory Status was not removed

Question 21

When did Gerry Adams become leader of Sinn Fein?

Answer 21

1982

Question 22

When was bomb in Brighton Hotel?

Answer 22

(Oct 1984) IRA exploded bomb during Conservative Party conference

Question 23

Affects of bomb at Brighton Hotel?

Answer 23

Thatcher was unhurt and 5 killed; national outrage in Britain

Question 24

When and What was anglo-Irish agreement?

Answer 24

1985
–> gov. cooperate with Uk and ROI
–>confirmed NI was in Uk
–> 200000 people protest in Belfast incl. Ian Paisley

Question 25

Who was Ian Paisley?

Answer 25

DUP leader

Question 26

What new paramilitary org. created in response to Belfast rally?

Answer 26

Ulster Resistance

Question 27

What was the incident with the 'shoot to kill policy'?

Answer 27

(1988) 3 IRA members were killed by Special Air Force in Gibraltar

Question 28

2 events of states activities that were under scrutiny?

Answer 28

Birmingham Six and Guildford Four

Question 29

When did it seem Sinn Fein was ready to agree peace?

Answer 29

1993

Question 30

Majors relationship with Irish PM in 1993

Answer 30

good relations with Reynolds

Question 31

When was the Downing Street Declaration and who with?

Answer 31

1993 with Reynolds (Irish PM)

Question 32

Affect of Downing Street Declaration

Answer 32

(1994) IRA and loyalist paramilitaries ceasfire --> sense of war weariness

Question 33

Why did the Downing Street Declaration fail>?

Answer 33

Unionists didn't believe IRA commitment to peace --> IRA got impatient and went back to violence --> (1996) bomb attacks in Manchester and Canary Wharf

Question 34

What was Labours position with Northern Ireland in 1997?

Answer 34

political opputunity to end the Troubles

Question 35

Who was John Hume?

Answer 35

leader of SDLP

Question 36

What did John Hume do in relation to NI?

Answer 36

persuaded Gerry Adams and MArtin McGuiness that negotiation settlement was possible

Question 37

WHo was Martin McGuineess?

Answer 37

Leader of Sinn Fein?

Question 38

Why was George Mitchell a good chairman for negotiation talks

Answer 38

trusted by both unionists and republicans

Question 39

What did Blair do to gain support of the republicans?

Answer 39

keep closer relations with Irish Taoiseach (Bertie Ahern)

Question 40

Who and what did they do to keep paramilitaires on board with neogtiations?

Answer 40

Mo Mowlam (Labour MP) visted them in prison

Question 41

When did Good Friday Agreement get reached?

Answer 41

After 17 hrs past deadline, reached on 10th April

Question 42

Who walked out at lack of progress in ensuring IRA would decommission its arms and when?

Answer 42

9th April --> Jeffrey Donaldson (UUP negotiator)

Question 43

What was good Friday Agreement?

Answer 43

--> NI could decide what it should be a part of -->a devolved assembly with power sharing executive --> links between all three (NI, UK, Ireland) strengthened --> all parties influence decommission of amrs --> early release of paramilitaies org. committed to peace

Question 44

What happened after Good Friday Agreement produced?

Answer 44

22nd May 1998 --> referendum to people of Ireland

Question 45

Results of referendum

Answer 45

NI: 71% for ROI : 94% for

Question 46

Who and why were in opposition to Good Friday Agreement?

Answer 46

leaders of SInn Fein (nervous of republican backlash) David Trimble (Ulster Unionist MP) and Ulster Unionists ( fear of negative influnce of Iam Paisley)

Question 47

What happened in 1998 which was SInn Feins fears realised?

Answer 47

Omagh bombing --> 30 ppl killed --> by dissident republicans and a 'continuinty' IRA

Question 48

Overall, NI for Blair?

Answer 48

SIngle greatest acheivement in premiership

Question 49

long term affects of NI

Answer 49

Dissagreements over: --> paramilitaries decommission arms? --> early relase of convicted terrorists? --> right of Protestants Orange to march tradtional route

Question 50

What was ST Andrews Agreement?

Answer 50

after disagreement the devolved institution was suspended in 2002 until 2006 st andrews agreement --> reiterated good friday --> Not all problems were solved