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Italy > Northern Italy > Flashcards

Northern Italy Flashcards

1
Q

When was the DOC system created in Italy?

A

1963

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2
Q

When was the DOCG system introduced and when was the first DOCG awarded. To where?

A

Introduced 1963. Awarded (upgraded from DOC status) in 1980 to Brunello di Montalcino, Barolo, Vino Noble di Montepulciano

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3
Q

The DOC systems is based on the French AOC system. What is a notable difference of DOCG’s vs the AOC system

A

Most DOCG’s (and many DOC’s) have aging requirements

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4
Q

What DOCG upgrade drew criticism for the system?

A

Romagna Albana DOCG (not remarkable wine)

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5
Q

What geographical indication can Vino di Tavola carry?

A

Italy (only Italy, nothing further)

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6
Q

When Super Tuscans Sassicaia and Tignanello got their start, what designation were there wines labeled as?

A

Vino de Tavola

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7
Q

Once a region is a DOC, how long do they have to wait to be considered for DOCG status?

A

5 years

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8
Q

What’s an IGT?

A

A stepping stone to DOC, considered protected geographical indications (PGI) by the EU

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9
Q

From 2009 - 2011 the DOCG count went from 50 to 73. What was the reason for this?

A

The EU common market organization that has final approval over DOC/DOCG status’ transferred from Rome to Brussels

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10
Q

What was the effect of Goria’s Law (1992)

A

IGT created

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11
Q

When did the first IGT appear?

A

1994

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12
Q

What are the two primary mountain ranges in Italy

A

The Apennines and the Alps

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13
Q

What does Piedmont translate to?

A

The foot of the mountain

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14
Q

What river flows through Piedmont?

A

Po River

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15
Q

What mountains cradle Piedmont?

A

Apeninnes to the east and Alps to the north

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16
Q

What three provinces are the majority of Piedmonts vineyards located in?

A

Asti, Alessandria, Cuneo

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17
Q

What two hills within Asti, Alessandria and Cuneo are peppered with vineyards?

A

Langhe and Monferrato

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18
Q

What mountain range provides a rain shadow effect in Piedmont?

A

The Alps

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19
Q

What soils are found in Piedmont?

A

Calcareous marl and sandstone with varying amounts of clay

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20
Q

What is a climactic worry in the vineyards of the Langhe hills?

A

Hail in the fall

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21
Q

What is Piedmonts climate?

A

Continental

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22
Q

What are sori?

A

In the Langhe and Monferrato hills sori are southern exposure vineyards and are highly prized. Home to Nebbiolo

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23
Q

What are the three major red grapes of Piedmont?

A

Nebbiolo, Barbera, Dolcetto

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24
Q

Are the three major red grapes of Piedmont early or late ripening.

A

Late

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25
Q

What is Piedmonts most planted red grape?

A

Barbera

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26
Q

Name three indigenous grapes of Piedmont

A

Brachetto, Grignolino, Ruchè, Croatina, Vespolina, and Freisa

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27
Q

What is a synonym for Moscato Bianco

A

Muscat a petit grains

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28
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Piedmont?

A

Moscato Bianco

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29
Q

What are other white varietals planted in Piedmont?

A

Cortese, Arneis, Erbaluce and Favorita (Vermentino)

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30
Q

What province are Barolo and Barbaresco located in?

A

Cuneo province

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31
Q

What river is Barolo and Barbaresco planted along?

A

Tanaro River

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32
Q

What are classic descriptors of Barolo and Barbaresco

A

Tar, truffle, rose petal and dried fruit

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33
Q

What are the 5 Barolo DOCG communes that demarcate 90% of the DOCG?

A

La Morra, Barolo, Serralungha d’Alba, Monfrote d’Alba, Castiglione Falletto

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34
Q

What soil characterizes the vineyards of La Morra and Barolo?

A

Tortonian - has a high proportion of calcareous marl

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35
Q

What soils are more common in Monforte d’Alba and Serralunga d’Alba?

A

Serravallian (Helvatian)

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36
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barolo?

A

38 mos total from Nov 1 of harvest, 18 mos in oak

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37
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barolo Reserva?

A

62 mos total from Nov 1 of harvest, 18 mos in oak

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38
Q

What producers are examples of “modernist” Barolo makers?

A

Paolo Scavino, Luciano Sandrone, Elio Altare

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39
Q

What producers are examples of “traditionalist” Barolo makers?

A

Giacomo Conterno, Bartolo Mascarello, Giuseppe Rinaldi

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40
Q

What vinifaction processes do “modernist” Barolo makers embrace?

A

Using barriques, shorter macerations and a rounder style of wine

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41
Q

What are the primary differences between Barbaresco and Barolo?

A

Barbaresco is considered a bit lighter and, perhaps more feminine

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42
Q

Where is the production of Barbaresco concentrated?

A

Barbaresco, Neive, Trieso

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43
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barbaresco?

A

26 mos from Nov 1 of harvest, including 9 mos in cask

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44
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barbaresco Riserva?

A

50 mos from Nov 1 of harvest, including 9 mos in clask

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45
Q

Who is Angelo Gaja?

A

Modernist producer and champion of barbaresco

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46
Q

Angelo Gaja, whose Nebbiolo-based wines are often no longer released as Barbaresco DOCG are now released as?

A

Langhe DOC

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47
Q

Who espouses the traditionalist approach in Barbaresco?

A

Bruno Giacosa

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48
Q

Name a “cru” vineyard in Barolo

A

Cannubi

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49
Q

Name a “cru” vineyard in Barbaresco

A

Rabajà

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50
Q

What is Barolo Chianato DOCG?

A

Aromatized wine flavored with Quinine

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51
Q

Who is a go-to producer for Barolo Chianato?

A

Cappellano

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52
Q

Do Barolo and Barbaresco lie on the North or South side of the Tanaro river?

A

South

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53
Q

Gattinarra DOCG and Ghemme DOCG produce what type of wine?

A

Exclusively Nebbiolo

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54
Q

Roero DOCG produces wines from which varietals?

A

Nebbiolo. Arneis (white)

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55
Q

What is a synonym for Spanna?

A

Nebbiolo

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56
Q

In Gattinarra DOCG and Ghemme DOCG what varietals are used for blending with Nebbiolo?

A

Bonarda and Vespolina

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57
Q

Lessona and Sizzano DOC produce?

A

Nebbiolo based blends

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58
Q

Carema DOC produces?

A

Nebbiolo. ( warmer region, so more fragrant wines)

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59
Q

What are the three DOCG’s of Barbara?

A

Barbera d’Asti, Barbera del Monferrato Superiore, Nizza

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60
Q

Barbera del Monferrato must be superiore and spends how much time aging?

A

14 mos total, 6 in cask

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61
Q

Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG produces what type of wine?

A

Aromatic red wine from the local Ruche grape

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62
Q

What are the three Dolcetto DOCG’s?

A

Dogliani, Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore (Ovada), and Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba (Diano d’Alba)

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63
Q

Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba superiore and Dogliani superiore indicates what change from “normale”

A

Heightened levels of alcohol.

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64
Q

What are the minimum aging requirements for Dogliani Superiore, Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore, and Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba Superiore?

A

1 year aging min

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65
Q

What was the first white DOCG in Piedmont?

A

Gavi DOCG

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66
Q

Gavi DOCG produces wines from which grape?

A

Cortese

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67
Q

What style(s) of production are Gavi DOCG wines?

A

Still, Spumante, or Frizzante

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68
Q

Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG produces what type of wines from which grape?

A

Still, Spumante or Passito from the Erbaluce grape. (Passito style garners most praise)

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69
Q

What is the largest DOCG producer in Italy?

A

Asti DOCG (650,000 hl or more a year)

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70
Q

Asti DOCG wines are produced from which grape in which style?

A

Muscat a petits grains (Moscato Bianco)

Always Spumante

71
Q

What method is generally used for secondary fermentation in Asti DOCG?

A

Charmate method

72
Q

Moscato di Asti DOCG is produced using which grapes and in which style?

A

Moscato Bianco. Frizzante (not fully spumante) Atmosphere’s allowed: 2
Low ABV 4.5-6.5%

73
Q

Alta Langha DOCG produces what style of wines from which grapes?

A

Traditional method sparkling (Spumante) from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

74
Q

What are the aging requirements for Alta Langha normale and riserva?

A 
Normale = 30 mos after harvest
Riserva = 36 mos after harvest
75
Q

Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG produces…?

A

(usually) sweet sparkling red wines

76
Q

What is Italy’s smallest and least populous region?

A

Valle d’Aosta

77
Q

What is the sole DOC zone of Valle d’Aosta

A

Valle D’Aosta DOC

78
Q

What’s the most important region in Lombardy? What do they produce?

A

Franciacorta DOCG. Traditional method sparkling

79
Q

Still wines by producers of Franciacorta DOCG can be released as…?

A

Curtefranca DOC or Sebino IGT

80
Q

When did Franciacorta earn it’s DOCG?

A

1995

81
Q

What grapes are permitted in Franciacorta?

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Nero (Noir), & Pinot Biance (max 50%)

82
Q

What are the aging requirements for non-vintage Franciacorta?

A

18mos on lees min, may not release until 25 mos after harvest

83
Q

What are the requirements for Franciacorta Satèn?

A

White grapes only, 5 atmospheres max (so, less than the standard 5-6)

84
Q

What are the requirements for Franciacorta Rose?

A

25% pinot nero min. Produced by blending rather that saignee method

85
Q

For Vintage Franciacorta, what percentage of grapes need to be harvested in the stated vintage?

A

85%

86
Q

What are vintage Franciacorta aging requirements?

A

18 mos on lees min, not to be released until 37 mos after harvest

87
Q

What are the aging requirements for Vintage Riserva Franciacorta?

A

min 5 years on lees, can be released 67 mos after harvest

88
Q

What sweetness levels can Franciacorta be released at?

A

All sweetness levels, dependent on dosage amount used

89
Q

What sweetness level is Saten produced at?

A

Brut

90
Q

Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG produces what type of wine from which grapes?

A

Traditional method sparkling wine from primarily pinot nero (noir) grapes.

91
Q

What is the minimum pinot nero grapes allowed in Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG?

A

70% If 85% or higher, can be labeled varietally

92
Q

What is a synonym for Chiavennasca? Where?

A

Nebbiolo. Valtellina

93
Q

What does Stagafassli indicate?

A

Valtellina Superiore wines bottled in the neighboring Switzerland

94
Q

What are Valtellina Superiore DOCG’s 5 sub zones?

A

Valgella, Inferno, Grumello, Sassella, and Maroggia

95
Q

What are the aging requirements for Valtellina Superiore DOCG? Riserva?

A

24 mos, 12 in cask

36 mos, 12 in cask

96
Q

What style of wine does Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG produce?

A

Recioto

97
Q

What are the requirements for Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG?

A

2 years afed, 14% min ABV

98
Q

What type of wine does Moscato di Scanzo DOCg produce?

A

sweet passito wines from red Muscato grape

99
Q

What type of bottle is used for Moscato di Scanzo DOCG wines?

A

500 mL futura—a bottle shape familiar to fans of Inniskillin icewine

100
Q

What type of climate does Valtellina Superiore DOCG have?

A

Continental, high altitude, lot’s of sunshine
(lake Como to the east)
Highest latitude for Nebbiolo grapes

101
Q

What lake is directly to the north of Franciacota DOCG?

A

Lago d’Iseo

102
Q

Cinque Terre DOC in Liguria produces white wines from which grape?

A

Bosco

103
Q

Colli di Luni DOC and Riviera Ligure di Ponente DOC are part of which region and what types of grapes do they us?

A

Liguria. Pigato (Vermentino)

104
Q

What are Emilia-Romagna two DOCG’s?

A

Albana DOCG (highly ridiculed) and Colli Bolognesi Pignoletto DOCG

105
Q

What type of wine is Emilia-Romagna most known for?

A

Lambrusco (dry to sweet, frizzante, red)

106
Q

Is Lambrusco only produced in Emilia Romagna?

A

No. It’s also produced right across the border in Lombrardy: Lambrusco Mantovano DOC

107
Q

What is Suditrol a synonym for?

A

Alto-Adige

108
Q

Where is Bolzano (Bozen) located?

A

In the north part of Trento Alto Adige

109
Q

What DOC encapsulates Trentino-Alto Adige and Verona in Veneto

A

Valdadige DOC

110
Q

What 2 DOCs are the majority of Trentino Alto Adige wines released under?

A

Trentino DOC and Alto Adige DOC

111
Q

What are some primary white varietals in Trentino DOC and Alto Adige DOC?

A

Pinot Grigio, Pinot Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Muller Thurgau, Chardonnay

112
Q

What white varietal do you see heavily in the Alto Adige DOC that you don’t in Trentino DOC?

A

Gewurztraminer

113
Q

In Alto Adige, the Valle Isarco (Eisacktaler in German) is becoming known for which varietals?

A

German and Austrian: Silvaner, Veltliner and Kerner (a modern Schiava Grossa x Riesling crossing)

114
Q

Does TAA produce more white or red wine?

A

Red

115
Q

What is the primary red varietal of TAA?

A

Schiava

116
Q

What is the premier geographical sub zone in TAA for Schiava wine?

A

Santa Maddalena

117
Q

The Casteller DOC in Trentino allows Schiava to be blended with which varietals?

A

Lambrusco and Merlot

118
Q

Does TAA contain any DOCG zones? If so, how many?

A

0

119
Q

What is produced in Teroldego Rotaliano DOC?

A

Teroldego still wine (red varietal, deeply colored)

120
Q

What region produces the most wine in Italy/

A

Veneto

121
Q

Valpolicella DOC primarily uses which grapes?

A

Corvina (45-95% of blends) with Rodinella.

Molinara, Negrara and Oseleta, may not exceed a total 15% of the blend

122
Q

The Valpolicella Classico region is close to which lake?

A

Lake Garda

123
Q

The Valpolicella Classico region is close to which lake?

A

Fumane, Marano, Negrar, Sant’Ambrogio, and San Pietro in Cariano

124
Q

The eastern Valpolicella DOC valleys of Valpantena and Illasi are home to which famous producer?

A

Romano Del Forno

125
Q

What’s the difference between Recioto della Valpolicella and Amarone wines?

A

Recioto is dried for an extra month (Amarone 3 months). Amarone is fermented dry or near dry and recitoto is a sweet or semi-sweet wine.

126
Q

When were Recioto della Valpolicella and Amarone della Valpolicella approved for DOCG status?

A

2010

127
Q

Recioto della Valpolicella and Amarone della Valpolicella are both made using which method?

A

Appassimento

128
Q

What is the name of the lofts used to dry grapes for Recioto della Valpolicella and Amarone della Valpolicella?

A

Fruttai

129
Q

What are Amarone’s aging requirements?

A

normale: 2 years
riserva: 4 years

130
Q

Recioto della Valpolicella and Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG can be labeled by origin if originated from which two DOCGs?

A

Classico (valleys surrounding communes: Fumane, Marano, Negrar, Sant’Ambrogio, and San Pietro in Cariano) or Valpantenta

131
Q

Recioto de Valpolicella wines can be made in which two styles?

A

Dry and Spumante

132
Q

Valpolicella Ripasso DOC was created in which year?

A

2010

133
Q

What is Valpoicella Ripasso?

A

A wine “re-passed” over and re-fermented with the unpressed skins of grapes previously fermented for Amarone or Recioto wine

134
Q

What are the ABV requirements for Valpoicella Ripasso?

A

normale: 12.5% ABV
Superiore: 13%

135
Q

What is Bardolino Chiaretto?

A

Rose produced in the Bardolino DOC with Corvina and Rondinella grapes

136
Q

Bardolino DOC lies between Valpolicella Classico and which lake?

A

Lake Garda

137
Q

What grapes are used in Soave DOC?

A

70% Garganega minimum, Trevviano di Soave and Chardonnay

138
Q

What are Soave’s two DOCG zones?

A

Soave Superiore DOCG and Recioto di Soave DOCG

139
Q

What are the two sub regions of Soave Superiore DOCG?

A

Classico or Colli Scalligeri

140
Q

How is Soave Superiore DOCG typically vilified?

A

Stainless steel

141
Q

What are the aging requirements for Soave Superiore DOCG?

A

Normale: at least 1 year with min 3 mos in bottle
Riserva: 2 years of aging, 3 mos min in bottle

142
Q

Recioto de Soave is dried for how many months?

A

4-6 months

143
Q

Is there botrytis on Recioto de Soave

A

It is encouraged

144
Q

Can Soave Superiore DOCG wines by Spumante?

A

No, just still

Soave DOC and Recioto di Soave DOCG can be Spumante

145
Q

Where is Gambellara DOC located

A

Immediately east of Soave

146
Q

What grapes are used in Gambellara?

A

80% min Garganega

147
Q

What percentage of Garganega must be in Recioto de Gmbellara wines? Are they still or Spumante?

A

100% Garganega

Sweet wines - Still and Spumante

148
Q

In Prosecco, what are the atmospheres required for Spumante? For frizzante?

A

Spumante: min 3.5 atmospheres
Frizzante: 1-2.5 atmospheres

149
Q

What are Prosecc’s two DOCG zones?

A

Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG and Asolo Prosecco DOCG (formerly known as Prosecco Montello e Colli Asolani)

150
Q

What sweetness levels can Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG and Asolo Prosecco DOCG produce in Spumante superiore wines?

A

Brut to demi-sec

151
Q

What type of wines can Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG and Asolo Prosecco DOCG produce?

A

Still, Frizzante, Spumante

152
Q

What is the significance of the label “Valdobbiadene Superiore di Cartizze”

A

Prosecco coming from the cru vineyard Cartizze

153
Q

To be labeled as a Vintage in Prosecco, what percentage of grapes must come from that year?

A

85%

154
Q

What are the primary cultural influences in Friuli-Venezia Giulia?

A

Slavic, German, Italian

155
Q

Which Friuli producer is credited with ushering in a new age of winemaking in the 1960’s of a clean style?

A

Mario Schiopetto

156
Q

What is standard vilification in Friuli?

A

Stainless steel, controlled cold fermentation

157
Q

Can Friuli wines be blended?

A

Yes

158
Q

What international varieties are produced varietally in Friuli?

A

Sauv Blanc (known in Friuli as Sauvignon), Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay

159
Q

Who spearheaded making “orange” wine in Friuli? Inspired by?

A

Josko Gravner. Slovenia

160
Q

What’s a synonym for Verduzzo Gialla?

A

Ramandolo

161
Q

What two DOCG zones produce sweet passito wines?

A

Ramandolo DOCG and Colli Orientali del Friuli-Picolit DOCG

162
Q

Ronchi di Cialla estate is a monopole of which region?

A

Cialla within the Colli Orientali del Friuli-Picolit DOCG

163
Q

What is Ronchi di Cialla known for?

A

Sheparding the indigenous varietal Schioppettino

164
Q

Name 2 well-known Orange wine producers in Friuli

A

Gravner and Radikon

165
Q

Venica e Venica and Ronco del Gnemiz are known for which varietal in Friuli?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

166
Q

Where do producers Miani and Livio Felluga produce wine?

A

Friuli

167
Q

What native grape does Gravner use in their orange wines?

A

Ribolla Gialla

168
Q

What are synonyms for the Friulano grape?

A

Tocai Friulano, Tai

169
Q

What varietal does the Lison DOCG release as a single varietal?

A

Friulano

170
Q

What is the most planted grape in Friuli?

A

merlot

171
Q

In Friuli, which red varietals can be blended with Merlot?

A

Cab Sauv, Cab Franc

172
Q

Name two indigenous red varietals in Friuli

A

Refosco, Schioppettino, Terrano, and Pignolo

173
Q

Out of Friuli’s 10 DOC zones which are considered the top two?

A

Collio DOC (Collio Goriziano) and Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC

174
Q

Which Venetian DOC extends in to Friuli?

A

Prosecco DOC

Italy (2 decks)

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