Northern Spain Flashcards

Question

Tradtionnal vine training system in Rias Baixas ?

Answer 1

Parral aka Pergola

Answer 2

Val do Salnès

Answer 3

Condado de Tea

Answer 4

Granbazan Martin Codax Paco & Lola Pazo de Senorans Pedralonga Zarate

Answer 5

Monterrei, 1994

Answer 6

A river, the only Galician river that doesn’t finish in the Atlantic or the Mino – it flows into the Douro

Answer 7

Traditional cakes found in Ribeira Sacra

Answer 8

Ribeira Sacra DO

Answer 9

Vino tostado is a historic style, highly sought after by the English until their defeat of the Spanish Armada and gaining traction once again in the 19th century. Translating to “toasted wine” or “roasted wine,” vino tostado is a dried grape wine Wine made from grapes hung up to raisin before fermenting. Used to be the main style produced in Ribeiro and exported to United Kingdom. When the war arrived, the English substituted Ribeiro for Port wine. Tostado is a naturally sweet wine achieved by unforced drying of clusters of grapes in roofed and well-ventialted places for a maximum of three months. The finished wine will be between 13-15% ABV, with residual sugar between 100-150 g/L. It spends a minimum of 180 days in oak or cherry-wood barrels, and 90 days in bottle. It may be made from whites ; Albarino – Godello – Loureira – Torrontes – Treixadura It may be made from reds ; Brancellao – Caino Bravo – Caino Longo – Caino Tinto – Ferron - Mencia - Souson * it is also produced in Valdeorras but at a lesser extend

Answer 10

Small harvesters / growers

Answer 11

Mino + Arnoia + Avia

Answer 12

Granit – the decomposed granite is known as ‘sabrego’

Answer 13

Bizkaia + Alava + Getaria

Answer 14

- deep-coloured rosados are important - White, Red, Sparkling and sweet are also produced

Answer 15

Traditional, oxidized wines aged by the solera method or in demi-johns

Answer 16

VdlT Castilla y Léon

Answer 17

- Whites = Albillo Mayor (75% min) - Reds = Tempranillo (Tinto Fino) min. 75% + Cab S – Merlot. - Rosado = min 50% reds

Answer 18

Roble/Barrica : Min 3mt oak Crianza : Blanco/Rosado/Clarete Min 18mt ; 6mt oak Tinto Min 24 mt ; 12mt oak Reserva : Blanco/Rosado/Clarete Min 24mt ; 6mt oak Tinto Min 36mt ; 12mt oak Gran Reserva : Blanco/Rosado/Clarete Min 48mt ; 6mt oak Tinto Min 60mt ; 24mt oak

Answer 19

True. Shorter ageing than Vega Sicilia & only french oaked used.

Answer 20

Pingus is Peter Sisseck’s single vineyard Flor de Pingus is his village wine

Answer 21

Ribera del Duero DO

Answer 22

Valbuena 5 + Unico + Reserva Especial

Answer 23

Unico = 80% Tinto Fino + Cabernet Sauvignon Valbuena = Primarly Tinto Fino + Merlot

Answer 24

Tradition of blending across three vintages

Answer 25

Artadi dates back to 1985, fouded by a group of winegrowers keen to come together to make wines from Alava. Became a successful cooperative. At the end of 2015, they left the DOCa (Juan Carlos Lopez de Lacalle).

Answer 26

In November 2016, a group of leading wine producers, wine merchants and wine writers met at Madrid’s Club Matador to debate the need for full-scale renewal of the Spanish DO sytem, and to sign a Manifesto in defense of terroir.

Answer 27

Traditional container for pressing and fermenting grapes. In earliest times carved out of the rocks, later made out of wood.

Answer 28

A specific plot or vineyard

Answer 29

- Walled vineyard terraces in Northern Spain

Answer 30

Category induced in 2003 to define single estate wine. Has been criticized since then for the variable quality of the wines.

Answer 31

Calatayud DO Campo de Borja DO Carinena DO Somontano DO

Answer 32

Semi-Sparkling

Answer 33

Arabako Txakolina / Chacoli de Alava DO Bizkaiko Txakolina / Chacoli de Bizcaia DO Getariako Txakolina / Chacoli de Guetaria DO

Answer 34

Arlanza DO Arribes DO Bierzo DO Cigales DO Ribera del Duero DO Rueda DO León DO Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO Toro DO

Answer 35

Monterrei DO Rías Baixas DO Ribeira Sacra DO Ribeiro DO Valdeorras DO

Answer 36

Min. 15 months on the lees from the date of tirage prior to disgorgement

Answer 37

Min. 24 months on the lees from the date of tirage prior to disgorgement

Answer 38

Min 36 months on the lees from the date of tirage prior to disgorgement

Answer 39

Min. 60 mt Oak : 24 mt Bottle : 24 mt

Answer 40

Min. 36mt Oak : 12mt Bottle : 6mt

Answer 41

Min. 24mt Oak : 12mt Bottle : 0

Answer 42

Min. 48 mt Oak : 6 mt + remainder oak or bottle

Answer 43

Min. 24 mt Oak : 6mt + remainder in oak or bottle

Answer 44

Min. 18 mt Oak : 6mt + remainder in oak or bottle or steel

Answer 45

Traditional container for pressing and fermenting grapes. In earliest times carved out of the rocks, later made out of wood.

Answer 46

A Vineyard

Answer 47

Morera de Montsant Bellmunt del Priorat Gratallops Escaladei Porrera La Vilella Baixa La Vilella Alta El Lloar Masos de Falset Solanes del Molar Torroja del Priorat Poboleda

Answer 48

White, red, rosé, vendimia tardia, espumoso

Answer 49

Ribera del Duero DO

Answer 50

White, sparkling, fortified

Answer 51

Basque County Navarra Castilla y Leòn La Rioja

Answer 52

The wine has matured in oak Depending on the DOs, the minimum times differ. For example, in Calatayud DO, a wine may be labeled as Roble if it has been aged in oak (max. 600 liter capacity) for a min. 45 days (Blanco) or a min. 90 days (Tinto). As in Cariñena DO, wine must have been aged in oak (max. 600 liter capacity) for a min. 30 days (Blanco) or a min. 60 days (Tinto).

Answer 53

Tinta de Toro + Garnacha

Answer 54

Lledoner Pelut A mutation. Like Pinot Noir, Blanc, and Gris, Garnacha involves various color mutations (the red grape more precisely referred to as Garnacha Tinta), though technically all constitute a single variety. Garnacha Blanca (Grenache Blanc) is a significant contributor to Spanish whites and yields high-quality wines in Aragon and Catalonia. The pink-skinned variant, Garnacha Roja (Grenache Gris), is also grown, though it is less prevalent in Spain than in France. The red Garnacha Peluda (Garnatxa Peluda or Lladoner Pelut in Catalonia), another mutation of the same variety, features hairy undersides to its leaves and finds favor for its thicker skins and higher acidity as compared to Garnacha Tinta.

Answer 55

Palomino Fino + Verdejo

Answer 56

Yes Along with Carinena, Garnatxa negre noir, Garnatxa Peluda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Syrah, Merlot, Picapoll Negre (Puntxó Fort)

Answer 57

White, rosé, red, Rancio, mistella, dulce natural

Answer 58

Single vineyard, independent of Vi de Vinya, 100% Sourced from designated parcel

Answer 59

Vineyard designation given to vineyards planted prior to 1945 (75 years old vines).

Answer 60

Montsant DO While both Priorat and Montsant exist in the same county of Priorat (although Montsant spills slightly in to neighboring Ribera d'Ebre) they are completely separate, looking like an egg from overhead with Montsant the white and Priorat the yolk. You either produce in one or the other.

Answer 61

Xarel-Lo (Pansa Blanca) Parellada Macabeo Chardonnay Malvasia Pinot Noir Monastrell Garnatxa Negre Trepat (used only for rosé)

Answer 62

Miño + Sil

Answer 63

Wine produced with a minimum of 85% of principal grape varieties of Ribeira Sacra DO Albariño, Godello, Treixadura, Loureira, Torrontés, Dona Branca, Mencía, Merenzao, Brancellao, Sousón, Caiño Tinto. It can be a monovarietal wine.

Answer 64

Flor de Pingus

Answer 65

Tempranillo 100 %

Answer 66

Bodegas Lòpez de Heredia

Answer 67

Meseta Central (average 600m. of altitude) Spain is 2nd rank in highest elevation vineyards in Europe.

Answer 68

True It will sing in great vintages and grumble in the tough ones.

Answer 69

The oak barrel was first introduced to Rioja by him ; a Labastida-born priest and winemaker of noble ranks, who returned from two harvests in Bordeaux with a series of new winemaking practices. Less than a century later, several of those techniques, particularly the maturation of wine in oak casks, were cemented into the new Rioja recipe as French influences reshaped the region at the onset of the phylloxera crisis.

Answer 70

Their longstanding transatlantic trade partnership. The wines of Rioja have long been typified by aging in American oak barrels, partly due to Spain’s longstanding trade ties with North America, but also because these could be sourced more cheaply than expensive French barrels. Several Rioja wineries, particularly those in Haro, house cooperages on-site to either fashion new barrels or to repair their ancient casks, often nearing a century in age. The wines tend to be distinguished less by the flavors of American oak than they are with the oxidative effects of long-term aging in barrel. According to Rioja regulations, barrels must hold approximately 225 liters, the same as Bordeaux barriques. Many producers today have shifted toward newer European oaks and blends of French and American oak

Answer 71

Entirely new French oak

Answer 72

A wine created by Michel Rolland (consultant at Bodegas Palacio during late 80s) that is thought of as the original vino de autor, or “author’s wine,” where the winemaker’s stamp is its defining character.

Answer 73

No winery in Rioja, if not the whole of Spain, champions the practice of long-term aging in oak barrels like López de Heredia. Even the Rosado spends years in barrel, the 2008 released just this year.

Answer 74

These bodegas largely align with the same group of producers who rose to prominence in the 1990s, relying on shorter aging in new French oak. In most circumstances, their wines would at least qualify as crianza, if not reserva, but to their mind any label below gran reserva would prove a disservice in marketing these high quality, and highly priced, vinos de autor. Instead, they opt for the basic “cosecha” label, where the vintage is dated and nothing more. Historically, the cosecha tier is vast, encompassing the most entry-level wines of a region. So, the inclusion of such trophy wines in the category muddies its definition. In Ribera del Duero, for example, roughly 60% of all wines carry the cosecha label. But, only around 6% of those represent icon wines such as AALTO, O. Fournier, and Pingus (although Peter Sisseck reportedly has a gran reserva wine in development).

Answer 75

Tempranillo means "little early one" (tempranillo is the diminutive of temprano, meaning "early"), a name given because it ripens about two weeks earlier than most Spanish red grapes.

Answer 76

- False - Garnacha is king - Garnacha represent 27% and Tempranillo 22%

Answer 77

Vine de MEsa (or VdM) translating to 'table wine'. These wines can be blended from various areas of the country but by law will bear no region on the label, although they can list the address of the registered bottler or, if within an established DO, only the postal code. Since 2008, these wines have been allowed to state both vintage and variety

Answer 78

Palacio de Fefiñanes was Rías Baixas’ first commercial winery, founded in 1904, though the palace itself dates to the 17th century.

Answer 79

The DO was not created until the 1980s, first called Albariño DO and later Rías Baixas DO upon Spain’s admission into the European Union, as varietal appellation names were forbidden by EU law.

Answer 80

Disease pressure is lowered due to Albariño’s thick-skinned nature And climate change has purportedly mitigated some of the appellation’s more extreme Atlantic influences in recent vintages And much of the region is planted on decomposed granite, called xabre, with low water retention that serves the rainy environment well.

Answer 81

Small plots of vineyard

Answer 82

True While blended white wines are authorized and demonstrate high quality, the marketing advantages of listing Albariño on labels has inhibited the growth of white blends.

Answer 83

Producers will typically employ exclusively stainless steel before bottling, usually the spring after harvest. These wines are crisp, fruity, and meant for early consumption. A step above will see a more textured Albariño with noted lees impact, from extended sur lie aging and possible bâtonnage. Top Albariños will likely come from older vines and experience lees aging. They may be barrel fermented or aged. These will be the most structured and longest lived Albariños. Some producers may also let their Albariño undergo full malolactic conversion.

Answer 84

The first to recognize the potential of Ribera del Duero was Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves, who founded in 1864 what would later be named Vega Sicilia, an estate many cite as the finest in Spain. In that year, he brought all the traditional red grapes of Bordeaux as well as Pinot Noir to be planted alongside Tempranillo. Carmenère and Pinot Noir are no longer cultivated at Vega Sicilia, though Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Malbec remain for various programs. Vega Sicilia did not achieve instant success, but under the stewardship of cellar master Domingo Garramiola Txomin, who conceived the winery’s flagship Único, the estate began to demonstrate excellence.

Answer 85

In 1972, Alejandro Fernández established Tinto Pesquera, where he helped return focus to Tempranillo and produced acclaimed monovarietal renditions.

Answer 86

Ribera del Duero has one of the most extreme continental climates in Spain—its summers swelteringly hot, its winters icy cold. Grapegrowing can prove challenging, with the risk of frost both in spring and near harvest threatening grapes that demand a long growing season. Hail, too, is not uncommon. A small majority of Ribera del Duero is planted to bush vines, with trellising and mechanical harvesting more prevalent in flatter western areas.

Answer 87

- Min. 24 mt - Min. 12 mt in oak

Answer 88

- Min. 18 mt - Min. 6 mt in oak

Answer 89

Min 36 mt - Min. 12 mt in oak

Answer 90

Min. 24 mt - Min. 6 mt in oak

Answer 91

- Min 60 mt - Min. 24 mt in oak

Answer 92

- Min 48 mt - Min. 6mt in oak

Answer 93

René Barbier _ Clos Mogador is one fot he first Vi di Finca

Answer 94

Established in 2002, Vi de Finca recognizes specific growing zones and single vineyards. (Priorat's first two Vi de Finca wines were Clos Mogador and Vall Llach’s Mas de la Rosa.)

Answer 95

Similar to Burgundy’s lieux-dits, Vi de Paratge refers to wines from 459 named delimited zones.

Answer 96

- refer primarily to age and will essentially replicate Burgundian premier cru and grand cru tiers. - Vi de Vinya Classificada recognize single vineyards with minimum 20 years old vines - Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada identified minumum 35 years old vines - Velles Vinyes means vines were planted before 1945 or at least 75 years of age

Answer 97

Vi de Vinya Classificada will recognize single vineyards with minimum 20-year-old vines

Answer 98

Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada will identify minimum 35-year-old vines

Answer 99

Priorat has also defined the term velles vinyes, or “old vines,” to mean those planted before 1945 or vines at least 75 years of age.

Answer 100

- Val do Salnes

Answer 101

- The wine has matured in oak. - Depending on the DOs, the minimum times differ. For example, in Calatayud DO, a wine may be labeled as Roble if it has been aged in oak (max. 600 liter capacity) for a min. 45 days (Blanco) or a min. 90 days (Tinto). As in Cariñena DO, wine must have been aged in oak (max. 600 liter capacity) for a min. 30 days (Blanco) or a min. 60 days (Tinto).

Answer 102

- Tinta de Toro min 75% - OR Garnacha min 85%

Answer 103

Yes, along with Carinena, Garnatxa negre noir, Garnatxa Peluda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Pinot Noir, Syrah, Merlot, Picapoll Negre (Puntxó Fort)

Answer 104

- Vi de Finca: Single vineyard, independent of Vi de Vinya, 100% Sourced from designated parcel - Vi de Paratge: 100% Sourced from a single zone (approved by the Consell Regulador), like a lieux-dits - Velles Vinyes : Vineyard designation given to vineyards planted prior to 1945 (75 years old vines).

Answer 105

- Village wine, Burgundy like designation - 12 villages are recognized - Now Rioja, Bierzo and Rueda also have this category

Answer 106

- Sherry is mandatory not fortified, but must contain 15% of alcohol - Sherry can be aged everywhere in the region - Other indigenous varieties are allowed: mantúo castellano, mantúo de pilas, vejeriego, perruno, cañocazo and beba - Modification of minimum sugar content for both dry and sweeter wines - Any vineyard will be allowed to apply for Jerez Superior status. The ‘Jerez Superior’ category will now potentially include (upon request) all vineyards within the PDO limits, whereas before it was just for those on the chalky, albariza soils found in the core (central) area. - ‘Manzanilla Pasada’ and ‘Fino Viejo’ will now have some degree of backing law to them in that they need to be aged for at least seven years. Prior to this, it was whatever people felt like that would meet the ‘profile’.

Answer 107

Aserpia or Alumbra - They created pits that serve to catch water

Answer 108

- Levante - Poniente

Answer 109

- Both are aged 60 months - Both spend 24 mth in oak - Rioja will add 24 mth bottle

Answer 110

- 12 g/L. - Can be Brut, Extra Brut or Brut Nature

Answer 111

- Comtats de Barcelona (Cava de Guarda Superior) - Comtats de Barcelona is the area where more than 95% of Cava production is concentrated. It is here that we find the home of this quality Spanish sparkling wine, in the municipality of Sant Sadurní d'Anoia, considered to be the "capital of Cava". This town is where the first bottles of Cava were produced in 1872.

Answer 112

- Fondillon - Late harvest Monastrell - Aged in solera system for 10 years

Answer 113

- Empordà

Answer 114

- Gobelet trained vines

Answer 115

- Vinified from hand-harvested - Organically grown grapes - 90% indigenous varieties - Within a delineated zone - Minimum bottle aging of 18 months

Answer 116

- René Barbier (Clos Mogador) - Álvaro Palacios (Finca Dofi) - Daphne Glorian (Clos Erasmus) - José Luis Pérez (Clos Martinet) - Carlos Pastrana/Mariona Jarque (Clos de l’Obac)

Answer 117

- Basque country

Answer 118

- León (70% of the vineyard)

Answer 119

- Descendientes de José Palacios

Answer 120

- Valladolid - Burgos - Segovia - Soria

Answer 121

- Descendientes de José Palacios

Answer 122

- Verdelho

Answer 123

- Unico Reserva Especial

Answer 124

- Sierra de Cantabria

Answer 125

- The guy behind Bodega Contador, a high-priced modern Rioja, 100% tempranillo

Answer 126

- Remirez de Ganuza

Answer 127

- the possibility of creating a more contemporary style of non-oxidative Verdejo. - He also suggested planting Sauvignon Blanc in the region

Answer 128

- more than 2000 mm per year

Answer 129

- Soutomaior

Answer 130

- 70% Albariño and Loureira

Answer 131

- 70% Albarino and Treixadura

Answer 132

- Rias Baixas - it’s name hórreo, a ganary hoisted above ground by stone pillars

Answer 133

- Ribeiro, the city where the river Miño and Avia converge

Answer 134

- Valdeorras

Answer 135

- Sil River

Answer 136

- Godello (min 100%) - Mencía (min 85%)

Answer 137

- it experiences both Atlantic and Continental influences - resulting in hot, dry summers and cold winters

Answer 138

- An 'escanciador' is a type of txakoli-pouring device, which allows the movement of air into the glass by pouring from a height. - The 'escanciador' pourer has two vacant sides: one side is for the air to enter the bottle, and the other for the wine to pour out from.

Answer 139

- Porrón - This invention allows everyone to drink from the same utensil without touching it with their lips

Answer 140

- Bay of Biscay

Answer 141

- Sistema Central

Answer 142

- Sil river

Answer 143

- Yes, since 2001, based on Tempranillo

Answer 144

- Gran vino de Rueda must come from vines at least 30 years old and adhering to stricter yields - Vino de Pueblo is a new village wine classification, where 85% of grapes must be harvested for nearly 70 permitted municipalities

Answer 145

- The historical town where many producers established in Rioja, next to the railway station. - still serves as the brain center for the region, housing such centenary wineries as López de Heredia, Compañía Vinícola del Norte de España (CVNE), and La Rioja Alta

Answer 146

- It does have a small majority of Bush vine - trellising is more prevalent in flatter western area

Answer 147

- Tinto Fino - Tinta del País

Answer 148

- Bush vines

Answer 149

- Red - Rosado - White

Answer 150

- Pisuerga River

Answer 151

- Cigales DO

Answer 152

- Arribes DO - the red Bruñal and Juan García

Answer 153

- it was a way to guarantee authenticity in the early 20th century

Answer 154

- Bodega Palacio - Cosme Palacio y Hermanos Reserva Especial, matured for a shorter duration in new French oak

Answer 155

- Rioja Alavesa

Answer 156

- Partly due to Spain’s longstanding trade ties with North America - Also because these could be sourced more cheaply than French barrels

Answer 157

- single-vineyard - must be hand-harvested - vines of min 35 years old - lower yields - approved by the consejo tasting committee

Answer 158

- Navarra - the encierro, the running of the bulls

Answer 159

- Baja Montana - Tierra Estella - Valdizarbe - Ribera Alta - Ribera Baja

Answer 160

- Rosado based in Grenache - Saignée method, direct pressing is forbidden

Answer 161

- Catalayud - Jalón river - Garnacha

Answer 162

- Old Vines - 35 years old vines minimum

Answer 163

- 85% Garnacha - vines of minimum 50 years old

Answer 164

- It is less arid - the proximity with France bring another stylistic influence - less bound to Garnacha - the most successful grapes are Gewürztraminer, Riesling, Chardo, Cabernet Sauvignon, merlot - Local varieties: Alcañón (white), Parraleta (red) and Moristel

Answer 165

- Serra de Montsant

Answer 166

- Siurana river

Answer 167

- llicorella - composed of Schistose mica and quartize - it allows roots to stretch deep to fin water and the dark surface radiates heat back to the vines

Answer 168

- min 60% Garnacha and Cariñena, or 50% if only one is included in the blend

Answer 169

- Montsant

Answer 170

- Camp de Tarragona - Comarca Ribera d’Ebre

Answer 171

- South of Penedès in Catalunya

Answer 172

- Garnacha Blanca

Answer 173

- Sauló soils. A sandy granite topsoil

Answer 174

- Vi de licor from different colors of Garnacha - Moscatel, like a VDN Rivesaltes

Answer 175

- Palacios Remondo - Quinon de Valmira (100% grenache)

Northern Spain Flashcards

(233 cards)