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Nose Flashcards

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1
Q

Rhinitis due to upper respiratory infection

A

Acute viral infection of upper respiratory tract

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2
Q

The common cold is also known as

A

Coryza

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3
Q

Rhinitis has increased risk in:

A

Kids, people with weakened resistance, and ovulating women

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4
Q

Differentiating Colds From Flu & Sinusitis

A

Colds: Milder symptoms that usually go way in less than 5 days
-Flu: More severe symptoms
-Sinusitis: Cause more face/head discomfort and usually lasts longer

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5
Q

Treatment of Rhinitis

A

Self-Care: Fluids, increased humidity, aerobic exercise, rest, chicken soup, zinc, echinacea, sterlile nasal saline, salt water, Acetaminophen or aspririn
-Adjustments and acupuncture

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6
Q

Complications of colds

A

-Middle ear infection
-Sinusitis
-Lower respiratory infection, especially bacterial

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7
Q

Allergic Rhinitis is also known as

A

Hay Fever

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8
Q

Allergic Rhinitis is caused by:

A

Hypersensitivity in the immune system: Use of antibiotics, lack of exposure to common allergens, allergic hypersensitivity
-Mediated IgE antibodies

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9
Q

Allergy symptoms

A

-Triggered by exposure to allergens
-Can be: Episodic, seasonal or perennial
-Can wax and wane
-Food allergies

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10
Q

Most common atopic (allergic) disorder

A

Allergic Rhinitis

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11
Q

Manifestations of Allergic Rhinitis

A

-Obvious: Itchy nose, eyes, palate
-Less obvious: Allergic salute, nasal polyps, tongue clucking
-Pale or bluish mucosa

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12
Q

Allergy Testing

A

-Skin tests: Most common
-RAST: ELISA/Allergen-specific IgE antibody

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13
Q

Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

A

-Preventative: Avoid allergens, exercise indoors, take vitamin C, use HEPA/air quality filter or use mask
-Restorative: SCIT, SLIT, Chiro care, healthy living
-Therapeutic: Elimination diet, drugs

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14
Q

Vasomotor Rhinitis

A

Nasal congestion/obstruction not due to infection or allergic reaction

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15
Q

Vasomotor Rhinitis is usually triggered by:

A

-Irritants (smoke), dry air, changes in temp/AC, hormonal changes, anxiety, exercise, spicy foods, beer or wine

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16
Q

Treatment of Vasomotor Rhinitos

A

Avoid triggers, increase humidity, chiro adjustments, good nutrition, Drugs (decongestant sprays)

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17
Q

Postnasal drip

A

Mucus in the nose moving towards the oropharynx

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18
Q

Symptoms of Postnasal Drip

A

-Halking (snorting to clear mucus at back of throat), ticking in back of throat, coughing, hoarseness, sore throat, stuffy nose

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19
Q

Treatment of postnasal drip

A

Hydration/humidity, nasal saline, gargling with salt water, steam bath/sauna, exercise, chiro care

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20
Q

Diet for Postnasal drip

A

Decreased dairy, supplemental C and B vitamins
-Neti Pot

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21
Q

Bloody Nose is also called

A

Epistaxis

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22
Q

Recurrent or posterior nosebleeds can be a sign of:

A

Serious health problems: Hypertension, bleeding disorders, leukemia, tumors

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23
Q

Is a difference between blood from 1 nostril or 2?

A

-Blood from one nostril: Ok
-Blood from 2: Check further

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24
Q

Kids usually have _____ nosebleeds

A

Anterior

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25
Bloody nose are more common in:
Older adults
26
Anterior Nosebleed
-MC type of nosebleed -Usually just one nostril (Posterior is both) -Damaged vessels near the surface of the anterior nasal septum (Kiesselbach’s plexus)
27
Causes of Anterior nosebleeds
-Overuse of topical decongestants/corticosteroids, anticoagulant meds -Also: picking nose, cold/dry air or high altitudes, fractured nose
28
Treatment of Anterior Bleed
Patient sits or stands, tipping head forward a bit to prevent blood from going down throat -Pinch soft part of nose for 10-15 minutes while clot forms -Petroleum jelly can help
29
Posterior Nosebleeds
-Less common but often more serious -Large vessel in inner nose breaks (both nostrils) -Can be due to hypertension, use of oral anticoagulants, leukemia or tumors
30
Medical Diagnosis and treatment
-May require nasal endoscopy, MRI, CT -Also: Evaluate BP, INR, CBC
31
Prevention of nosebleeds
Don’t pick, use nasal saline, humidify the air/hydrate the body, adjust blood thinner dose, control blood pressure, stop using topical nasal steroids
32
Kids with recurrent nosebleeds could have:
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
33
Broken nose can lead to:
Permenent deformity, chronic nasal obstruction, recurrent sinusitis
34
Care of broken noses
-Dont adjust an acute broken nose -Prevent future damage -Let swelling go down -Rhinoplasty (Nose Job-Cosmetic)
35
Deviated Septum can involve:
the bony septum or the soft tissue of the septum
36
Deviated septum treatment
Seroplasty, Septal Hematoma
37
Sinusitis
Swelling & inflammation of the sinus cavirties around the nose, leading to impaired sinus drainage
38
Symptoms of sinusitis
-Nasal obstruction -Throbbing facial pain, pressure, facial swelling -Fatigue, malaise
39
Acute sinusitis is commonly caused by
Common cold viruses
40
Acute sinusitis causes increased risk in patients w/:
Allergies or asthma, nasal polyps or tumors, or deviated septum
41
Chronic sinusitis
Same as acute sinusitis, but consider underlying structural problems and polyps
42
Diagnosis of Sinusitis
-SNOT-16 exam: Decreased nasal patency -MD: Nasal endoscopy, allergy testing, imaging
43
Treatment of sinusitis
SNOT-16 to assess baseline & preferably natural care -Chiro care -Warm compress -Rest/Sleep -Fluids… -OTC: Nasal decongestants, analgesics
44
Sinusitis Supplements
Vitamin C,D, fish oil, probiotics
45
Anosmia
Loss of sense of smell
46
Anosmia is often due to:
Disorders that lead to nasal obstruction: Allergies, Upper respiratory infections, sinusitis, deviated septum, nasal polyps) -Use of Zicam nasal spray
47
Treatment of anosmia
Treat the cause of nasal obstruction
48
Rosacea
A chronic, inflammatory disease that affects the skin of the nose, cheeks, chin and sometimes eyes
49
Rosacea: Signs/Symptoms
-Redness, pimples, thickened skin -Self-consciousness, loss of self esteem, depression -Common pattern on cheeks, forehead, chin
50
Triggers of Rosacea
Heat, exercise, sunlight/wind, very cold temperatures, hot or spicy foods and drinks, alcohol consumption, menopause, emotional stress, long term use of topical steroids on the face
51
Treatment of Rosacea
Skin hygeine, healthy living habits, chiro care, acup, massage therapy, medical care
52
Rhinophyma
Occurs in some people who have rosacea -Thickened skin, bulbous appearance
53
Treatment of Rhinophyma
Rhinoplasty
54
Sleep Apnea
Interruption of breathing during sleep
55
Types of sleep apnea
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: More common-closure of upper airway & cessation of airflow -Central sleep apnea: Much less common-complete absence of breathing effort (nervous system abnormality)
56
Most common patient with sleep apnea is
Older, overweight male
57
Factors that increase risk of sleep apnea
-Male (2:1), overweight, excess tissue in nose or throat; big tongue, post-menopausal female, use of alcohol/sedatives before bed, chronic nasal obstruction, COPD, sleeping on back
58
Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
-Virtually 100% of people with OSA snore -Not all people who snore have OSA -Snoring is exacerbated by: Alcohol, sleeping on back, extreme fatigue
59
OSA: Obstruction of airflow leads to these primary signs and symptoms
-Increased ventilatory effort -Sympathetic response -CNS sleep cycle disruption
60
Secondary Symptoms of OSA
-Daytime sleepiness -Fatigue -Morning headache -History of frequent car accidents -Others: Night sweating, restless sleep
61
OSAL Secondary Symptoms and signs
-Personality changes, bad behaviour and decreased performance at work, school, family and relationship problems, hypertension and/or arrythmias
62
Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea
-Suspicious symptoms -Positive Epworth Sleepiness Score (+15 points) -Hypertension -Audio or video evidence of snoring -Polysomnography (sleep diagnosis)
63
Treatment of Sleep Apnea
*CPAP therapy: Most common -Weight loss -Elimination of alcohol/sedatives before bed -Oral orthotics -Nasal strips -Surgery -Chiro adjustments -Allergy treatments -Acupuncture and/or oriental medicine

EENT (7 decks)

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