Nose Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the types of rhinitis?
Acute or chronic, allergic or non-allergic.
What is a drawback of sympathomimetic nasal sprays?
They may irritate the nasal mucosa.
What is sodium chloride 0.9% used for in nasal allergies?
Nasal irrigation to modestly reduce symptoms and drug need.
What treats mild allergic rhinitis?
Oral/topical antihistamines or topical nasal corticosteroids.
Which acts faster: topical antihistamines or corticosteroids?
Topical antihistamines, but they are less effective than corticosteroids.
Why are systemic nasal decongestants not recommended?
They are weakly effective and have considerable side-effects.
When is sodium cromoglicate used?
For mild or sporadic allergic rhinitis; it’s weakly effective.
What drug helps with persistent watery rhinorrhoea?
Ipratropium bromide.
When should corticosteroids be avoided?
In untreated infections, post-nasal surgery, or pulmonary TB.
Which corticosteroids have low systemic absorption?
Mometasone and fluticasone.
What is the main treatment for nasal polyps?
Topical nasal corticosteroids.
How do nasal decongestants work?
Vasoconstriction of mucosal blood vessels.
What is the maximum recommended use duration for topical decongestants?
Less than 7 days.
What is a risk of prolonged decongestant use?
Rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa).
What usually triggers acute sinusitis?
Viral upper respiratory infection.
Common symptoms of sinusitis?
Nasal blockage, discharge, facial pain, loss of smell.
First-line symptom management for acute sinusitis?
Paracetamol/ibuprofen, saline irrigation, short-term decongestants.
When is antibacterial therapy indicated in sinusitis?
If systemically unwell, signs of serious illness, or high-risk of complications.
1st-line for mild cases in acute sinusitis?
Phenoxymethylpenicillin 500 mg QDS for 5 days.
1st-line for severe cases of sinusitis?
Co-amoxiclav 500/125 mg TID for 5 days.
1st-line options in penicillin allergy in sinusitis?
Doxycycline or clarithromycin.
