nose and sinus

Question 1

what physical exams are used for nose?

Answer 1

Nasal illuminator or otoscope to examine vestibule and turbinates

Question 2

What exam for the sinus?

Answer 2

palpate or percuss, or transilluminate

Question 3

anosimia

Answer 3

loss of sense of smell

Question 4

when should loss of sense of smell be of concern

Answer 4

if its on one side, accopanied by behavioral or vision changes

Question 5

what neurological conditions often have loss of sense of smell

Answer 5

alzheimers and parkinsons

Question 6

what is epistaxis

Answer 6

nose bleed

Question 7

two types of nose bleeds

Answer 7

anterior or posterior

Question 8

Which nose bleed is more dangerous

Answer 8

posterior woodruffs plexus because its more difficult to stop

Question 9

which nose bleed is more common in children

Answer 9

anterior with kiesselbach plexus.

Question 10

what is the risk factor for anterior nose bleed

Answer 10

nose picking, low temps, dry air, acute rhinitis,

Question 11

what are the risk factors for posterior nose bleed

Answer 11

HTN, liver disease, alcholism, cocaine use

Question 12

what should be a concideration when there are nose bleeds.

Answer 12

bleeding disorders, cancer and anemia

Question 13

what is rhinitis

Answer 13

inflammation of the mucus membranes of nose with stuffy, obsrcted runny nose.

Question 14

what are the three types of rhinitis

Answer 14

acute, allergic and attrophic

Question 15

how are the symptoms /signs of acute and allergic rhinitis different

Answer 15

acute has watery profuce discharge, with low feaver, and allergic ususall as ichy watery eyes and nose.

Question 16

what rhinitis causes crease above nose and black eyes

Answer 16

allergic rhinitis

Question 17

which rhinitis has the pale red mucosa

Answer 17

allergic rhinitis

Question 18

what antigen triggers allergic rhinitis

Answer 18

IgE and esinophils will show up.

Question 19

What is atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 19

for an unknown cause, nasal mucosa goes to stratified squamous, its atrophying.

Question 20

signs and symptoms of atrophic rhinitis

Answer 20

painful , foul smelling, loss or sensitive smell, nasal congestion.

Question 21

upon PE what does atrophic rhinitis show?

Answer 21

dry shiny membranes with atrophy of tissures. Crusts bleed when removed

Question 22

What is the non allergic, non infectious syndrom cause by parasympathetic dominance?

Answer 22

vasomotor rhinitis

Question 23

signs and symptoms of vasomortor rhinitis?

Answer 23

like allergic, rhinorrhea, sneezing, puritus, congestion. It can change sides

Question 24

what would trigger vasomortor rhinitis

Answer 24

emotions, cold air, spicy food, smoke, perfume, weather

Question 25

PE of vasomortor rhinitus?

Answer 25

swollen inferior nasal turbinates, with dark red bluish mucosa

Question 26

what are the signs of cocane use?

Answer 26

constant runny nose when affected, congested when not and chronic sore throat

Question 27

PE with cocane use

Answer 27

chemical burns or septal porforation

Question 28

What are the 4 bilateral rhinitis?

Answer 28

vasomotor , acute, atrophic, allergic

Question 29

What are the 4 unilateral rhinitis?

Answer 29

trauma, choanal atresia, foreign body and neoplasm

Question 30

what is a polyp

Answer 30

soft pedunculated lesion in nasal mucosa

Question 31

what are polyps linked to

Answer 31

chronic inflammation, ANS dysfunction, chronic infection, and genetics,

Question 32

who is more likely to have polyps

Answer 32

men who are over 40

Question 33

what conditons are associated with multibe benign polyps

Answer 33

allergic fungal sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, cyctic fibrosis

Question 34

what are the signs of polyps?

Answer 34

none to obstruction, postnasal drainage, headaches, snoring and epistaxis

Question 35

why are nasal septum abscesses dangerous although rare

Answer 35

can lead to cavernous sinus thrombosus - clots

Question 36

what has a large bulbous reddened nose ?

Answer 36

rhinophyma

Question 37

what can make rinophyma worse

Answer 37

alcholism and its associated with untreated acne rosacea

Question 38

who is more likely to have rhinophyma and why is it a concern?

Answer 38

men and it has a psychological tol

Question 39

what causes rhinosinusitis?

Answer 39

viral, bacterial and fungal

Question 40

what predesposes one t orhinosinusitus

Answer 40

decongestants, fatigue, dental,gi probles, foreign bodies, food sensitivities

Question 41

two types of rhinosinusitis

Answer 41

acute suppurative and chronic suppurative

Question 42

what ane the symptom difference between the two rhinosinusitis

Answer 42

acute is obvous and lasts 1-3 weeks but chronic is subtle

Question 43

symptons of rhinosinusitus acute

Answer 43

nasal congestion, purulent drainage, facial paoin with headache feaver if bacterial

Question 44

symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitus

Answer 44

facial pain and feaver absent, with nasal stuffines, dental pain sore throat stuffy ears.

Question 45

PE for acute rhinosinusitus

Answer 45

purulent secretion middle meatus, completely opaque sinus

Question 46

PE for chronic rhinosinusitus

Answer 46

tenderness with palpation,

Question 47

what should you check for when chencing for chronic rhinosinusitus

Answer 47

dental carries, nasal obstruction, conjuntival congestion, extra ocular movements.

Question 48

what are some serous complications from rhinosinusitus

Answer 48

orbital/periorbital cellulitus and cavernous sinus thrombosis

Question 49

orbital/periorbital cellulitus is what?

Answer 49

edema, pain when moving eye, very sick

Question 50

what is cavernous sinus thrombosis

Answer 50

50 percent mortality, with high fever, chills, ocular Palsy 3,4,6 death within days.

Question 51

upper airway cough syndrome looks like what

Answer 51

cough, halitosis, frequent spitting and throat clearing, post nasal drip.

Question 52

for what syndrom would you find cobbelstoning of orthopharyngeal mucosa

Answer 52

upperairway cough syndrome.