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Respiratory Anatomy > Nose, Larynx & Trachea > Flashcards

Nose, Larynx & Trachea Flashcards

1
Q

Bony skeleton of nose consists of

A

Nasal bones

Frontal process of maxilla

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2
Q

Describe nerve supply of nose.

A

CN 5
Infratrochlear and external nasal branches from ophthalamic.
Infraorbital from maxillary.

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3
Q

Describe arterial supply of external nose

A

Ophthalamic artery (dorsal & external nasal)
Lateral nasal and infraorbital from maxillary artery.
Facial artery to skin of ala

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4
Q

Locate the nasal cavity

A

Between the two orbits, below middle of anterior cranial fossa & above hard palate.

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5
Q

Mention regions of nasal cavity

A

Nasal vestibule, respiratory region & olfactory region.

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6
Q

Locate the olfactory region

A

Apex of each nasal cavity

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7
Q

Roof of nasal cavity consists of

A

Bony part of nose, ciribriform plate of ethmoid, sphenoid bone.

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8
Q

Nasal septum bony part is

A

Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone.

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9
Q

Bones of lateral wall of nasal cavity

A

Ethmoid, maxilla & perpendicular plate of palatine bone.

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10
Q

Bone forming sup, mid & inf conchae

A

Sup+ mid = ethmoid

Inf is a seperate bone

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11
Q

Superior meatus recieves

A

Opening of posterior ethmoidal sinus

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12
Q

Bulla ethmoidalis recieves ….

A

Middle ethmoidal sinus

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13
Q

Hiatus semi-lunaris receives ….. anteriorly & …..posteriorly.

A

A: frontal air sinus & anterior ethmoidal air sinus.
P: maxillary air sinus.

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14
Q

Inferior meatus recieves …..

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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15
Q

Spheno-ethmoidal recess receives ……

A

Sphenoid air sinus

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16
Q

Areas of nose supplies by greater palantine artery.

A

Lateral wall: antero-inferior and postero-inferor.

Nasal septum: postero-inferior.

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17
Q

Areas of nose supplied by sphenopalatine

A

Lateral wall: postero-superior.

Nasal septum: postero-inferior.

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18
Q

Blood supply of anteri-superior aspect of nasal septum

A

Anterior ethmoidal & superior labial arteries

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19
Q

What is the area with extensive anastomosis in nose, and its clinical appliccation?

A

Anterior part of medial wall

This is the area where epistaxis occurs the most.

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20
Q

Venous drainage of nose

A

Facial vein, pharyngeal & pterygoid plexuses

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21
Q

Lymph drainage of nasal cavity

A

Vestibule to submandibular lymph nodes & remainder to upper deep cervical nodes

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22
Q

Mention regions in nasal cavity supplied by pterygopalatine ganglion

A

Posterior part of lateral wall & postero-inferior aspect of nasal septum.

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23
Q

When do paranasal sinuses fully develop?

A

After eruption of permenant teeth.

24
Q

Nerve supply of maxillary air sinus

A

Infraorbital and superior alveolar nerves.

25
Q

Give reason: maxillary sinus is commonly infected.

A
  1. Its drainage orifice lies near the roof.
  2. Infected frontal or anterior ethmoidal sinus can drain to it.
  3. Spread of infection from teeth.
26
Q

Nerve supply of frontal air sinus, referred pain and spread of infection.

A

Supraorbital nerve, pain referred to forehead & infection spreads to the frontal lobe of brain.

27
Q

Nerve supply and spread of infection related to ethmoidal

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal

Spread to orbit

28
Q

Nerve supply of sphenoidal air sinus

A

Posterior ethmoidal nerve

29
Q

Position of sphenoidal air sinus

A

Related superiorly to pituitary & optic chiasma

Laterally to cavernous venous sinus

30
Q

Vertebral level to larynx

A

C3-C6

31
Q

Lateral relation of larynx

A

Carotid sheath and thyroid gland

32
Q

Muscles attached to oblique line of thyroid lamina

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid & inferior constrictor

33
Q

Muscles attached to posterior border of thyroid lamina

A

Salpingo- , stylo- and palatopharyngeus.

34
Q

Describe position of borders of epiglottis

A

Upper free broad end and lower narrow end attached to thyroid cartilage by thyro-epiglottic ligament.

35
Q

Position of cuneiform cartilage

A

Anterior to corniculate cartilages

36
Q

Mention extrinsic ligaments of larynx

A

Thyrohyoid, cricotracheal & glosso-epiglottic ligaments

37
Q

Structures piercing thyrohyoid ligament

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

Superior laryngeal artery

38
Q

Mention free borders of quadrangular membrane

A

Aryepiglottic fold

Vestibular ligament

39
Q

Mention ligament forming vocal ligament and its attachement

A

Cricothyroid ligament

From thyroid angles to vocal process of arytenoids

40
Q

Describe saccule of larynx

A

Upper prolongation of laryngeal sinus between vestibular fold & thyroid lamina.

41
Q

Posterior border of laryngeal inlet

A

Mucosa covering arytenoids

42
Q

Extrinsic muscles of larynx

A

Infra-hyoid muscles, inferior constrictor, stylopharyngeus & palatopharygeus.

43
Q

Mention the unpaired intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

Transverse arytenoid muscle

44
Q

Mention 3 special features of cricothyroid muscles

A

Lies externally
Developed from 4th arch
Supplied by external larygeal of superior laryngeal from vagus

45
Q

Mention muscles controlling laryngeal orifice

A

Aryepiglottic & interarytenoid, close inlet

Thyro-arytenoid, widens inlet

46
Q

Muscle stretching vocal cords

A

Cricothyroid

47
Q

Muscle relaxing vocal cords

A

Thyro-arytenoids

48
Q

Abductor of vocal cords

A

Posterior crico-arytenoids

49
Q

Adductors of vocal cords

A

Transverse arytenoids & lateral crico-arytenoid

50
Q

Attachment of crico-thyroid joint

A

Thyroid cartilage (inferior horn) & side of cricoid cartilage

51
Q

Sensory nerve supply of larynx

A

Above vocal cords: interal laryngeal

Below: recurrent laryngeal

52
Q

Level of tracheal bifurcation and level of maximum inspiration.

A

T4

T6

53
Q

Tracheal rings covered by thyroid isthmus

A

2,3&4

54
Q

Vessels related to cervical trachea

A

A: inferior thyroid veins
On either side CCA
Brachiocephalic artery on the right

55
Q

Vessels and nerves related to thoracic trachea

A

A: cardiac plexus, arch of aorta (bracheocephalic and left common carotid)
R: right vagus, arch of azygos & right bracheocephalic vein and SVC
L: arch of aorta, left common carotid, left subclavian, left recurrent laryngeal nerve.

56
Q

Compare right and left bronchi (site of division into lobar bronchi)

A

R: extrapulmonry
L: intrapylmonary

Respiratory Anatomy (3 decks)

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