Nose, mouth and throat Flashcards
(25 cards)
How would we inspect the external nose?
inspect for any deformity, asymmetry,
inflammation or skin lesions
how would we inspect the nasal cavity?
ask the person to tilt their head back shine a penlight into the nose, inspect nasal mucosa noting normal red color and smooth moist surface
- note any swelling, discharge, bleeding or foreign bodies
how would we inspect the nasal septum?
using the penlight with the person’s head back, look at the nasal septum for no deviations, no bleeding if there is note, and go into questions
how would we inspect the nasal turbinates ?
using the penlight with the person’s head back, look at nasal turbinates, should be a nice red color as the nasal mucosa. Look for any swelling, polyps, benign growths
How would we palpate the sinus areas?
using our thumbs, press the frontal sinuses upward under the eyebrows and over the maxillary sinuses under cheekbones
How would we inspect the mouth?
using a tongue blade start with anterior structures and move posteriorly retracting structures
what do we look for when inspecting the mouth?
-inspect lips for color, moisture, lesions
(retract lips and note the inner
surface)
inspection of teeth
*note any diseased, absent,loose or abnormal teeth
*compare # of teeth with # expected with persons age
inspection of gums
- gums are well intact
- check for swelling, retraction , spongy, bleeding gums
inspection of the tongue
- check tongue for color, surface characteristics, and moisture
- ask person to touch the tongue at the roof of mouth (the ventral surface should look smooth, glisten, and should show veins)
- have a gauze pad and hold tongue swinging it left and right - look for any white patches or lesions
inspection of the palate
- anterior palate should be white with rugae
- posterior palate should be pink and smooth
inspection of uvula
- uvula should be midline
- ask the patient to say ahh and the uvula should rise midline
inspection of throat
tonsils should be oval and rough-surfaced with indentations and color is pink and there should be no exudate on them
tonsil grading
1+ visible
2+ halfway between tonsilar pillars and uvula
3+ touching uvula
4+ touching each other
inspection of the back of the throat
-depress the tongue with a tongue blade, look at the posterior wall for any lesions, exudate, and color
- test hypoglossal nerve ( nerve XII ) - ask the person to stick out tongue, which should protrude midline. note any tremor, loss of movement or deviation
- note any halitosis ( breath odor )
what to expect in the aging adult?
- teeth may look slightly yellowed
- the surface of incisors may have some vertical cracks from a lifetime of exposure to temp.
- teeth may look longer due to gums margins receding
- tongue looks smoother as a result of papillary atrophy
- aging buccal mucosa is thinned and may look shiner
epistaxis
nose bleed
sinusitis
inflammation of sinuses may see mucopurulent drainage, facial pain, or pressure - a patient may also have a fever, chills, and malaise
seasonal allergic rhinitis
the abnormal immune response caused by dust mites, animal dander, mold, and pollen. may have lacrimation, nasal congestion, sneezing and swollen turbinates
furuncle
boil inside the nose
nasal polyp
overgrowth of the mucosa
herpes simplex 1
cold sores are groups of clear vesicles with a red base, evolve into pustules, with rupture, weep and crust they heal 4-10 days
angular cheilitis
red, scaling, and shallow painful fissures at the corners of the mouth ( usually occurs with yeast infection )
carcinoma
outer and middle 3rds of lip round and indurated becomes elevated and crusted
