Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP I > Not General Anesthesia > Flashcards

Not General Anesthesia Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

T or F: According to the asa, MAC anesthesia is held to the same standards as general anesthetics?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F: MAC cases do not require the same set up as for general anesthesia?

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the ASA guidelines for MAC cases for oxygenation:

A

100% O2 inspired gas
never use N2O b/c of no scavenging
must have pulse ox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the ASA guidelines for MAC cases for ventilation:

A

must use capnography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the ASA guidelines for MAC cases for circulation:

A

must monitor ECG and HR
must measure BP (NIBP, IBP)
should auscultate heart sounds
should palpate pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define spinal neuraxial anesthesia:

A

injecting local anesthesia into the CSF within the subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define epidural neuraxial anesthesia:

A

injecting local anesthesia into the space that lies within the vertebral canal but superficial to the dural sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 3 neuraxial contraindications?

A

Absolute
Relative
Controversial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are examples of absolute contraindications?

A 
injection site infection
patient refusal
hypovolemia
increased intracranial pressure
aortic/mitral stenosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are examples of relative contraindications?

A

sepsis
uncooperative patient
neurologic deficit
spinal deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are examples of controversial contraindications?

A

prior back surgery
inability of the patient to communicate
surgeon preference
complicated surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What drug must be stopped before neuraxial anesthesia can be performed?

A

Coumadin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What drug needs to have been taken for at least 7 days for neuraxial anesthesia?

A

Plavix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The illiac crest crosses the spinal chord at what point?

A

L4

This is the principal landmark for spinal anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The inferior tip of the scapula is located at what point on spinal chord?

A

T7

This is the principal landmark for thoracic epidural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is another name for where the illiac crest crosses spinal chord?

A

Tuffiers line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The spinal chord ends at what point in an adult ?

A

L1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The order of ligaments from skin to vertebrae:

A 
Supraspinous ligament
Infraspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Dura
Arachnoid membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The spinal chord ends at what point in a child?

A

L3-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the dermatome for belly button?

A

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the dermatome for nipple?

A

T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are indications for epidurals?

A

Primary anesthetic for belly or lower extremity
supplement to GA
postoperative pain control
can be continuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are indications for spinals?

A

Lower abdomen/perineum/lower extremities
One time shot
much faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When doing a midline insertion, the needle:

A

comes straight on along same line as spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When doing a paramedian insertion, the needle:
comes in at an angle
26
The block of the posterior nerve roots interrupts ?
somatic and visceral sensations
27
The block of the anterior nerve roots prevents?
motor and autonomic outflow
28
Somatic blockades are used for?
-Interruption of painful stimuli -abolish skeletal muscle tone is a differential blockade: 1) sympathetic: works 4 dermatomes away from block 2) sensory : work 2 dermatomes away from block 3) motor: works closest to injection site
29
Cardiovascular manifestations following a blockade include:
Decrease BP decrease HR decrease contractility PROFOUND bradycardia when blocking cardiac accelerators located T1-T4
30
What pulmonary consideration must be accounted for when doing blocks?
Proximity to phrenic nerve from C3-C5 (diaphragm)
31
What size needle to you use when doing epidurals?
17-20 gauge
32
What size needle do you use when doing spinals?
22-24 gauge
33
What is one way to minimize the cardiovascular effects of blocks?
Make sure at least 1 L of fluid has been given prior to starting procedure
34
All about epidurals:
greater control over intensity of sensory block motor block achieved by local concentration provides means of long term drug administration
35
Disadvantages of epidurals:
Covers larger area, but far less intense slower onset time (10-20 min) block is less dense
36
What is the test dose give before epidurals and why do you give it?
3 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with epi Makes sure you are in epidural space and not through dura into CSF: if in CSF legs will go numb Epi in test dose makes sure your not in blood vessel : epi would make HR go up
37
When placing epidurals:
Volume and concentration much greater than spinal 1-2ml of local per segment Drug must be preservative free
38
Advantages of spinal anesthesia:
Less time to perform less local required more intense sensory and motor block needle placement confirmed by CSF dripping out of needle (instead of waiting on test dose with epidural)
39
What is baricity?
How heavy(density) is the drug compared to the CSF fluid
40
What is the CSF specific gravity?
1.003 - 1.008
41
What is the name if a drug is greater density than CSF (heavier) ? What will it do in the CSF Fluid?
Hyperbaric | Sinks
42
What is the name if a drug is lesser density than CSF (lighter) ? What will it do in the CSF Fluid?
Hypobaric | Floats
43
Adding glucose to the drug will do what?
makes drug heavier or more hyperbaric
44
Adding sterile water to the drug will do what?
makes drug lighter or more hypobaric
45
What is the most common side effect of neuraxial anesthesia?
Postdural puncture headache
46
If you were to use a drug that contained preservatives, what would happen?
Preservatives cause inflammation of the chord
47
Postduraal headaches are caused by what?
CSF leak that causes ICP to decrease
48
What are the remedies of postdural puncture headache?
``` Laying down turning off lights/being in the dark take NSAID's increase fluid intake get caffeine Epidural blood patch ```
49
What effect does caffeine do to the body?
stimulates an increase in CSF fluid production
50
What is an epidural blood patch?
Where the patients own blood is used to form a patch in the epidural space where the needle punctured the dura
51
What is the onset and duration of a post dural puncture headache?
Onset: 12 hours to 3 days later Duration: can last several days
52
What is the most common regional anesthesia technique in pediatrics?
caudal anesthesia
53
Locations for a brachial plexus nerve block?
Interscalene supraclavicular infraclavicular axillary
54
optimal for procedures of shoulder, arm and forearm Most intense at C5-C7 Least intense at C8-T1
interscalene block
55
All about supraclavicular block:
anesthesia of entire arm including hand high incidence of pneumothroax High incidence of phrenic nerve block
56
All about infraclavicular block:
anesthesia of hand, forearm, elbow and upper arm | high incidence of pneumothorax
57
All about axillary block:
most common approach to brachial plexus | procedures distal to elbow
58
Femoral nerve block:
block of anterior thigh, knee, medial foot used in combo with other blocks post op pain for knee surgery When visualizing, use NAVY (nerve, artery, vein, y made by legs)
59
Obturator nerve block:
anesthesia to medial thigh and muscle relaxation of adductor hip muscles Part of 3 in 1 block with femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous
60
Sciatic nerve block:
L4-L5 and S1-S3 nerve roots sensory block to posterior hip and knee and lower extremity motor block to hamstrings and lower muscles
61
Lumbar plexus (psoas) block:
used for total hip and total knee analgesia
62
Popliteal block:
used for foot and ankle surgery
63
Saphenous nerve block:
used for sensory innervation along medial aspect of lower leg

AP I (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions