Notes

Question 1

The cell membrane is the _______ into the cell, and must allow needed things such as nutrients into the cell without letting them escape

Answer 1

Gateway

Question 2

True or false: all membranes in all organisms are made the same

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The model of all membranes in all organisms are made the same is called the

Answer 3

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 4

In the Fluid Mosaic Model, a ____________ is a carbohydrate chain attached to the phospholipid

Answer 4

Glycolipid

Question 5

In the fluid mosaic model, a ________ is a carbohydrate chain attached to a protein

Answer 5

Glycoprotein

Question 6

A ___________ protein stabilize and give shape to the membrane

Answer 6

Perioheral

Question 7

An _______ protein ( is a carrier protein) moves laterally, side to side

Answer 7

Integral

Question 8

Fluid Mosaic model tells us the membrane consists of a double layer of _________ molecules

Answer 8

Phospholipid

Question 9

The phospholipid double layer has a consistency of __________

Answer 9

Light oil/ oil ~ fluid

Question 10

Proteins wholly (________) or partially (________) embedded in a phospholipid bilayer form a ________ pattern

Answer 10

Integral
Peripheral
Mosaic

Question 11

_________ strung together in chains are attached to the cell membrane

Answer 11

Carbohydrates

Question 12

Glycyl proteins and glycolipids are attached to the phospholipid by layer of the membrane they function as _________ for cell recognition. Meaning they help immune system identify which cells belong to body and which are invaders

Answer 12

Identification markers

Question 13

All carbohydrates chains on a cell membrane are collectively called

Answer 13

Glycocalyx

Question 14

What does selectively permeable mean

Answer 14

Means some items are allowed

Question 15

The membrane is _________ ___________ to the molecules entering the cell while other molecules which can be the same size are not allowed to enter. The cell membrane can discriminate between different molecules that are the same size!

Answer 15

selectively permeable

Question 16

How many types of proteins are there

Answer 16

5

Question 17

Name the five types of proteins

Answer 17

Channel, carrier, cell recognition, receptor, enzymatic

Question 18

What protein uses ATP to pump items in and out of the cell membrane

Answer 18

Carrier

Question 19

Which protein is like a tunnel

Answer 19

Channel

Question 20

Which protein recognizes the foreign and local things

Answer 20

Cell recognition

Question 21

Which proteins has an example of Insulin, or a liver/muscle cell

Answer 21

Receptor

Question 22

There are ______ general means by which substances can enter and exit cells

Answer 22

Three

Question 23

One way of entering and exiting cells is called _________, an example of it are: lipid soluble molecules, water, and gases

Answer 23

Diffusion

Question 24

Another way of entering and exiting cells is called _________ ___ ______, examples would be sugars and amino acids and ions

Answer 24

Transport by carriers

Question 25

Another type of way to enter and exit cells, examples are macromolecules, which are proteins, and bacteria and viruses

Answer 25

Endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 26

________ is a physical process that can be observed with any type of particle. A universal phenomenon

Answer 26

Diffusion

Question 27

The law of diffusion is that particles move from the area of 1.______ concentration to the area of 2._______ concentration until equally distributed

Answer 27

1. higher | 2. lower

Question 28

Diffusion is a _______ process, which means no ATP is needed

Answer 28

passive

Question 29

The rate of diffusion is affected by the 1.__________ ________, which is the difference in concentration of the diffusing molecules between the two regions, the size and 2._______ of the molecules, and the 3.________

Answer 29

1. Concentration gradient 2. Shape 3. Temperature

Question 30

Name the three ways of increasing the rate of diffusion

Answer 30

Increase the temperature, increase the concentration gradient, decrease the size of the diffusing molecules

Question 31

The properties of the cell membrane allow a few types of molecules to pass by diffusion: lipid soluble molecules like _________ and ________ can diffuse directly across because the membrane itself is made of lipids

Answer 31

Steroids and alcohol

Question 32

_______ diffuses readily across the membrane, even thought it is not lipid-soluble. It probably goes through charged, protein-lined pores in the membrane that will not let anything else but it through

Answer 32

Water

Question 33

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is a special case of diffusion called

Answer 33

Osmosis

Question 34

A ______ is a substance that is being dissolved in a solvent

Answer 34

Solute

Question 35

A _______ is a fluid which is used to dissolve a solute

Answer 35

Solvent

Question 36

A _______ is a homogeneous mixture created when solutes are dissolved in a solvent

Answer 36

Solution

Question 37

If salt is dissolving in water, identify the solute, solvent, and solution

Answer 37

The salt is the solute, water is the solvent, and when salt is the dissolved in the water then it will combine to be the solution

Question 38

__________ pressure is the pressure due to the flow of water from the area of greater concentration to the area of lesser concentration

Answer 38

Osmotic

Question 39

True or false, the greater the concentration difference across the membrane, the greater the osmotic pressure

Answer 39

True

Question 40

____________ pressure = pressure exerted due to the weight of the liquid

Answer 40

Hydrostatic

Question 41

____________ occurs when osmotic pressure is the same as hydrostatic pressure

Answer 41

Equilibrium

Question 42

It’s cellular systems, _______ can move easily across membranes, but other molecules can’t. Therefore it can only move and follow the law of diffusion, which is that it will move from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated

Answer 42

Water

Question 43

A solution which has a lesser number of solute molecules per volume than the cell is called a

Answer 43

Hypotonic solution

Question 44

A solution which has the same number of solute molecules per volume of the cell is called a

Answer 44

Isotonic solution

Question 45

A solution which has a greater number of solute molecules per volume is called a

Answer 45

Hypertonic solution

Question 46

What solution has no net movement of water across the membrane, as well as equal number of solute molecules per unit volume

Answer 46

Isotonic

Question 47

Cells placed in this solution neither gain or lose water. One example is a 0.9% solution of NaCl is _______ to red blood cells

Answer 47

Isotonic

Question 48

What solution has a greater concentration of solute then the cell. If a cell is placed in the solution, water will leave the cell and the cell will shrivel up

Answer 48

Hypertonic

Question 49

When a hypertonic solution makes a cell shrivel up, it is called __________ in red blood cells

Answer 49

Crenation

Question 50

A solution which has a lesser concentration of solute in the cell contents is called a 

Answer 50

Hypotonic solution

Question 51

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution water will enter the cell and it will ______ and maybe _________

Answer 51

Swell | Lyse

Question 52

Hypertonic solutions causes __________ shrinking of cell due to osmosis

Answer 52

Plasmolysis

Question 53

In hypertonic solutions with plant cells, the __________ _______ loses water, cell membrane shrinks and pulls away from the cell wall

Answer 53

Central vacuole

Question 54

Hypotonic solutions causes ________ ____________, against the rigid cell wall

Answer 54

Turgor pressure

Question 55

Turgor pressure occurs when 1._______ cells, placed in a hypotonic solution, admitting water. As water enters, pressure builds up inside the cell resulting in turgor pressure

Answer 55

Plant

Question 56

Turgor pressure important for plant cells to retain ______ positions. the cells have to be rigid to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

Answer 56

Erect

Question 57

Transport by carriers utilizes _________ or ________ proteins in cell membrane to control passage of molecules in and out of the cell

Answer 57

Carrier or Channel

Question 58

Carrier proteins are __________, as they pass only one type of molecule each

Answer 58

Specific

Question 59

When transporting by carriers, molecules only pass along _____________ __________

Answer 59

Concentration gradient

Question 60

Does transport by carriers require ATP?

Answer 60

No

Question 61

Transport by carriers explains how lipid insoluble molecules like __________ and __________ cross the cell membrane

Answer 61

Glucose and amino acid

Question 62

True or False: Active Transport is a type of way for substances to get in and out of cells

Answer 62

True

Question 63

Active transport is performed by ________ proteins

Answer 63

Carrier

Question 64

Unlike transport by carrier, active transport needs ________(Atp)

Answer 64

Energy

Question 65

In active transport molecules move from an area of 1.________ concentration to an area of 2._______ concentration

Answer 65

1. Lower | 2. Higher