Notes 5 - Plant Kingdom Flashcards
What produces all of the earth’s oxygen (and absorbs all of the earth’s CO2)?
Multicellular Plants and Algae, along with Photosynthetic Bacteria and Protists.
Vascular System
The Vascular System is a series of tubes in a plant that transports material between the root system and the shoot system.
The purpose of the vascular system is that it allows plants to get bigger and have specialized parts.
XYLEM AND PHLOEM
Xylem - transports water and elements from the soil to the rest of the plant.
Phloem - transports sugars (food) produced in photosynthesis from shoot tissue to roots.
Examples of Vascular Plants: Corn, Roses, Cactus, Tomato
Root System (in Vascular System)
The root system consists of roots that obtain nutrients from the soil and store food.
Roots absorb water and elements (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium) from the soil.
Comprised of 1.) Tap Roots and 2.) Fibrous Roots.
1.) Taproot - grows deeply
2.) Fibrous Root- Closer to the ground.
Roots have thousands of fine cellular extensions called ROOT HAIRS that increase root surface area for absorption.
Shoot System (in Vascular System)
The shoot system is made up of stems and leaves that carry substances up and down the plant.
Produces sugars through photosynthesis.
Carries out reproduction.
Characteristics of Angiosperm
Angiosperm are plants that produce flowers and bear their seeds in fruit.
Multicellular
Terrestrial
Vascular
Root
Seeds
Flowers
Examples of Angiosperm: Roses, Broccoli, Lilies, and Tomatos.
Nonvascular System
Nonvascular plants have to absorb things directly into their body and can’t transport materials within body.(They don’t xylem and phloem.)
They don’t have roots, stems or leaves.
They are low growing, reproduce with spores, and need a moist habitat.
Examples of nonvascular plants: Algae and moss.
Terrestrial Plants
Aquatic Plants
Terrestrial Plants - Grow on land.
Aquatic Plants - Grow in water.
Roots grow with fungus in a close relationship called ______________.
Mycorrhizae
5 Plant Groups
1.) Green Algae
2.) Mosses
3.) Ferns
4.) Conifers (cones)
5. Angiosperms
Characteristics of Moss
Moss has no root or vascular system and does not make flowers or seeds.
Instead, it grows in a mat of threads across damp surfaces and relies on the dispersion of its spores to reproduce.
Moss absorbs water through its leaves.
Moss reproduces sexually with gametes, and asexually with spores.
Multicellular
Terrestrial
Nonvascular
No Roots
No Seeds (reproduce through spores)
No Flowers
Characteristics of Green Algae
Most algae is found inside bodies of water. Algae lacks structural components such as stems, shoots, leaves and does not have vascular tissues to circulate nutrients throughout its body.
Unicellular
Aquatic
Nonvascular
No Roots
No Seeds
No Flowers
Characteristics of Ferns
Ferns are seedless vascular plants - has roots, stems and leaves. Ferns do not have flowers or seeds. Instead they reproduce sexually through tiny spores.
Multicellular
Terrestrial
Vascular with roots
No Seeds
No flowers
Characteristics of Conifers (Cones)
Coniferous trees have leaves which are very thin and in the shape of needles. These trees don’t bear flowers but produce cones and hence are called coniferous trees. These trees grow in areas with snowfall. Hence these trees have needle like leaves which do not allow the snow to rest on them.
Multicellular
Terrestrial
Vascular
Roots
Seeds (pinecones)
No Flowers
Plants are principal producers in all terrestrial ecosystems making…
foods that supports higher levels in the food chain.
Food produced by agriculture forms…
the foundation of human civilization.
Plant Evolution
The first plants were AQUATIC, SINGLE CELLED, GREEN ALGAE.
The first LAND MULTICELLULAR plants were MOSSES.
Ferns evolved next and were MULTICELLULAR but now evolved and had ROOTS and VASCULAR SYSTEM (but no seeds or flowers).
GYMNOSPERMS (also called conifers) came next with and were MULTICELLULAR, had ROOTS and a VASCULAR SYSTEM; but evolved and had SEEDS (still no flowers).
ANGIOSPERMS came next and had MULTICELLULAR, ROOTS, VASCULAR SYSTEMS, and SEEDS; but evolved and now we had FLOWERS.
Reproductive System
Flowers contain male and female reproductive organs (sometimes in same flower, sometimes in different flowers).
Pollen Granules contain the sperm cell that must travel to the female organ to find the egg cell.
In many types of plants the embryos grow within a seed, which forms within a flower.
The flower may form into a fruit, pod or other structure.
The seed contains a protective coat and a food source for the growing embryo, sometimes called the endosperm or cotyledons.
What is Endosperm (also called Cotyledon)
The seed contains a protective coat (and food source) for the growing embryo
Photosynthetic System
Green plant parts (leaves, stem - also called the shoot system) are photosynthetic tissue.
The Photosynthetic tissue makes sugars (food) -using light energy, carbon dioxide gas and water - which produces oxygen gas.
The site of gas exchange is necessary for acquiring usable energy.
Characteristics and Evolution of Plants Chart
See picture
