What is the center of all literature?
Conflict
Two literature categories
Fiction and Non-Fiction
5 Genres
Short story, play, novel, essay, poem
2 groups
Comedy and Tragedy
Comedy
Protagonist removes himself from problem created by antagonist
Tragedy
Protagonist does not remove himself from problem created by antagonist
2 Classifications, describe them
Classic - has or will stand the test of time
Contemporary - will not stand test of time
Classic Tragedy
does not solve problem, but still grows
Contemporary Tragedy
Does not solve problem, does not grow
Elements vs Techniques
Elements - Always are present (plot, theme, setting…)
Techniques - Literary devices which may or may not be used to create the writer’s style
Style
Literary devices which may or may not be used to create the writer’s style
A philosophy that states that we gain knowledge from beyond our senses
Transcendentalism
When/By whom was Beowulf composed
8th century (written down in 11th)/Composed by Unknown
Name some epic requirements
- Involve a grand fight
- Long narrative
- Omens (good/bad) present
- Elevated writing style
- Larger than life
- Includes a journey
- Fate
Contemporary tragic hero components
Pity, Flaw, Suffering, Hero
FOUR parts of romanticism
Beauty, Truth, Freedom, Love
3 THINGS from romanticism
- Simple, direct language
- Spontaneous expression of feeling
- Response to nature which reflects the soul, leading to a deeper awareness of self (find yourself)
Pity
We pity the character because he is displaced from society
Flaw
character has many choices, but unable to make the right choice
Suffering
Character continues to suffer as he seeks to attain dignity, and cannot find it
Hero
Called hero but he didn’t solve problem, learn anything, falls lower, doesn’t solve problem
Father of English literature
Chaucer
Who was extremely satirical and critical of people?
Chaucer
What religion was Chaucer, if at all?
Agnostic, probably atheist
Who was father of Expressionism?
James Joyce
What is expressionism?
Philosophy applied to literature which states that the chaos in a character’s mind distorts reality
What is image fluidity?
Image making devices related to water
What is impressionism?
Depiction of a scene, emotion, character by details intending to achieve vividness/effectiveness more by evoking subjective sense impressions rather than objective reality
3 Reasons shakespeare is the best author
Universal, Works are timeless, Image making devices
Explain how Shake. is universal?
- Studied throughout the world
- Translated into more language than any other book (even the bible)
How are Shake’s works timeless?
Taught to HS more than any other work
Explain Shake’s image making devices?
His words/language is music to one’s ears
DOB and location of Shake.
1564, Stratford-Upon Avon, England
When did Shake begin writing?
1590
What are the four Shakespearean conventions?
Soliloquy, Aside, Structural Climax, and Disease Imagery
Explain Soliloquy
expresses: inner conflicts, reaction to others, shows character
Explain structural climax
- Act III of plays
- When protagonist is at high point of his good fortune just before his dramatic fall down
Explain disease imagery
- Wrote during bubonic plague
- Image making devices that deal with disease.
What was Shake’s last play?
The Tempest
3 play categories for Shake?
Comedy, Tragedy, History
Each play category demonstrates 3 plot/themes, what are they?
History - Political
Comedy - Love
Tragedy - Societal
T/F All 3 plot/themes are present in all plays, but one more than the rest
True
What color flags are associated with which 3 play categories?
Black - Tragedy
Green - History
White - Comedy
How was shake an architect?
designed “the globe”
What was the Globe’s nickname?
The Wooden O
T/F Two negatives are acceptable in Shake. language?
True (Thou canst not)
How much did groundlings play
1/2 penny
Shake.’s FIVE literary contributions
- Dramatic narratives conveyed a sense of psychological identity
- Used extended language
- Perfected blank verse, iambic pentameter
- Heroic couplet
- Master of conveying thoughts/ideas through dramatic use of dialogue
T/F He is studied by psychologists more than any other artist
True
Who HATED Shake.?
Earl of Essex?
Who loved shake.?
The queen
Who took over the queen?
James I, liked Shake
To whom is Macbeth dedicated?
James I
What was Shakespear’s son’s name?
Hamnet
Which play is the most studied in HS and why?
- Julius Ceasar
- short, no sex
Which play is his most loved work?
Romeo and Juliet
Which play is the least studied in HS? Why
King Leon, most complex
What is characer foil?
A character that is there to point out positives/negatives of another character
What is formalism?
Philosophy applied to lit. when the structure of the work creates the essence/theme