Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

VPH > Notifiable diseases in UK > Flashcards

Notifiable diseases in UK Flashcards

(45 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

African horse sickness (AHS)

A

Reoviridae, Orbivirus

NOT ZOONOTIC

Never occurred in UK

Spread by culicoides midges

Acute, cardiac, mixed forms, or horse fever sickness
Respiratory signs, fever, nasal discharge, facial swellings, heart failure

Protect horses from midges, EU has vaccines in case of emergency outbreak, protection zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

African swine fever (ASF)

A

Pigs

Asfarviridae (dsDNA virus)

Never in UK but spreading through EU

NOT ZOONOTIC

Spread by direct contact or eating infected material, ticks

Chronic, sub-acute, acute forms
Fever, off-food, vomiting, diarrhoea, darkening of skin, etc. Indistinguishable from CSF

Import controls, ban on swill feeding, controls on feral pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anthrax

A

Cattle and other mammals

Bacillus anthracis

ZOONOSIS

Acute and generally fatal

Last UK case in 2015

May have swellings in throat area

Suspected cases are tested - unexplained sudden deaths, movement restrictions, disposal of carcases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aujeszky’s disease (pseudorabies)

A

Pigs and other mammals

Porcine Herpes Virus 1 (dsDNA virus)

NOT ZOONOTIC

Last UK case was 1989

Neonates: neurological signs, hind leg weakness. Weaned pigs: respiratory signs. Sows and gilts: abortion, stillbirth etc.

Pigs often recover, other animals do not

Serology of all adult breeding boars slaughtered

Whole herd slaughter, if not clinically ill can go for human consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Avian influenza

A

Poultry

Avian Influenza A virus (ssRNA)

ZOONOSIS (some strains)

Infection by direct contact with secretion

HPAI: sudden respiratory distress etc. LPAI: not always obvious disease

Biosecurity of all domestic birds, slaughter/killing of diseased, control zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans

A

New notifiable disease

Salamanders and newts

NOT ZOONOTIC

Fungus

Major threat to amphibian biodiversity

Present in UK, first detected in 2013

Can cause disease with no clinical signs in other amphibians

Multifocal superficial erosions and extensive epidermal ulceration all over the body

Those keeping amphibians should take biosecurity measures including prevention of animals to escape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

A

Prion

ZOONOTIC (vCJD in humans)

Present in UK

Caused by ingestion of infected materials

Surveillance of brainstem of fallen stock and emergency slaughter cattle older than 48months

Identification and disposal of Specified Risk Material. Feed ban on animal proteins . Culling of offspring and cohorts of confirmed cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bovine TB

A

Cattle and other mammals: deer, badgers, goats, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats

Mycobacterium bovis

ZOONOTIC

Endemic in UK, Scotland officially TB free

Progressive ill thrift, TB lesions, swollen LNs

Testing regimes, biosecurity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bluetongue

A

All ruminants and camelids

Orbivirus (mostly BTV-4 and BTV-8)

NOT ZOONOTIC

UK outbreak in 2007, not officially bluetongue free

Transmitted by culicoides midges

Sheep more severely affected, changes to MM

Biosecurity, vaccination before importing, movement restrictions, control zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Brucellosis (Brucella abortus)

A

Cattle

ZOONOTIC (undulant fever)

Abortion at 5 months to term, usually abort only once

Post import checks, investigation of abortions, biosecurity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis)

A

Sheep and goats

ZOONOTIC (Malta fever)

Last in UK in 1956, officially free

May be an abortion storm, fever, depression, mastitis etc. Chronically infected flocks may show few abortions or clinical signs

Import controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chronic wasting disease (CWD)

A

Deer

Prion

No evidence that it is ZOONOTIC, but may be

Progressive but general signs

On suspicion restrict movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Classical Swine fever

A

Pigs

pestivirus (ssRNA virus)

NOT ZOONOTIC

Acute: constipation then diarrhoea, gummy eyes, coughing, nervous signs etc.

Strict import controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contagious agalactiae

A

Sheep and goats

Mycoplasma infection by M. agalactiae, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum, M. putrefaciens, M. mycoides subsp. capri, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides.

NOT ZOONOTIC

Never seen in UK

Signs more severe in goats. Fever, septicaemia, depression, anorexia and death, keratoconjunctivitis and arthritis. In females mastitis and abortion.

Likely movement restriction, slaughter, cleansing and disinfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

A

Goats

Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp)

NOT ZOONOTIC

Never in UK

Respiratory signs

Report suspicion to DEFRA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

A

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides

NOT ZOONOSIS

Last occurred in UK in 1898

Initial signs often subclinical. Followed by fever, dry husky cough. Severe cases have rapid breathing, flank breathing, pain response on palpation of ribs

Isolate during investigation of respiratory signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Contagious epididymitis (Brucella ovis)

A

Sheep and goats

NOT ZOONOSIS

Never seen in UK

Fever, depression, localises in epididymis, excretion in semen

Import controls, test rams blood before export

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)

A

Taylorella equigenitalis (CEM organism). Also caused by Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

NOT ZOONOTIC

Last UK case in Feb 2022, outbreak in 2021

Mares: Vulval discharge 1-6 days after infection at mating. Acute to chronic, carrier state with no signs of infection occurs.
Stallions and teasers: Usually passive carriers, no clinical signs of infection, bacteria may invade urethra and sex glands and contaminate semen.

Isolation notifiable

Biosecurity, swab testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Echinococcus multocularis

Study These Flashcards
A

Foxes and other canids including domestic dogs

Parasitic disease tapeworm disease.

ZOONOSIS. Serious illness in humans.

Usually no signs in animals

Biosecurity. Tapeworm treatment

20
Q

Dourine

Study These Flashcards
A

Horses and other members of equid family

Protozoan Trypanosoma equiperdum

NOT ZOONOSIS

Never in UK

Animals usually don’t show any clinical signs. Inflammation of external genital areas, skin lesions and paralysis

Biosecurity

21
Q

Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL)

Study These Flashcards
A

Bovine Leukaemia Virus

NOT ZOONOTIC

UK got free status in 1999

Chronic ill health, progressive loss of condition, weakness, anaemia and anorexia. Tumour infiltration of various organs

At slaughterhouses all tumours in cattle except papilloma and haemangiomas are notifiable to Defra.

22
Q

Enzootic haemorrhagic virus disease

Study These Flashcards
A

Deer and cattle and goats/ sheep

NOT ZOONOTIC

Never in UK

Similar to bluetongue

23
Q

Epizootic lymphangitis

Study These Flashcards
A

Horses and mules

fungus Histoplasma farciminosum

NOT ZOONOTIC

Last in UK in 1906

Eruptions on legs, head, neck or any part of the body. Lymph vessels in skin stand out, small hard nodules appear on these

Similar signs to Glanders, lab testing

24
Q

Equine infectious anaemia (EIA) - swamp fever

Study These Flashcards
A

Horses

Lentivirus

NOT ZOONOTIC

Last reported in UK in 2012

Often fatal

Post export testing - Coggins test

25
Equine viral arteritis (EVA)
Horses and other equids NOT ZOONOTIC Last case in UK in 2019 Can cause abortion in pregnant animals. Other signs include fever, depression, lethargy, stiff movement, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, swelling of lower parts of legs, around eyes and of reproductive organs Breeding restrictions on infected stallions, vaccination available in UK, pre-import blood sampling
26
Equine viral encephalomyelitis
Horses and other equids Japanese encephalitis, Western equine encephalomyelitis virus, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus West Nile virus ZOONOTIC Never reported in UK Transmission by mosquitos Incubation period 1-3 weeks. Initially fever then depression and loss of appetite. Nervous signs include hypersensitivity, restlessness, apparent blindness, muscle twitching, animals appear to be asleep unable to hold their heads up. EEE is the most virulent with severe symptoms with case fatalities of up to 90%. Biosecurity
27
European bat lyssavirus
Bats Rabies EBVL-2 ZOONOTIC Seen in UK humans in 2018, and bats in 2021 Rabies tests on dead bats
28
Foot and mouth disease
Although UK Gov website says that FMD does not affect humans’ some strains are ZOONOTIC Last UK outbreak in 2007 Rarely fatal except for very young stock Movement restrictions, slaughter policy, protection and surveillance zones
29
Glanders and farcy
Horses Burkholderia mallei ZOONOTIC Glanders: lesions in nostrils and submaxillary glands Farcy: lesion on the skin Eradicated from UK in 1928 mullein test or complement fixation test
30
Goat plague (peste des petis ruminants)
Goats and sheep Paramyxoviridaye family genus Morbilivirus NOT ZOONOTIC Never in UK Fever, Eye and nasal discharge, Sores in mouth, Diarrhoea, Listlessness , Respiratory signs, Abortion, Death Mt up to 90% Biosecurity, slaughter of infected animals, vaccines in Africa
31
Lumpy skin disease
Cattle Pox virus NOT ZOONOTIC High morbidity, low mortality Slaughter policy
32
Newcastle disease
Poultry Avian Paramyxovirus type 1 NOT ZOONOTIC Not currently in UK, last outbreak in 2006 Various signs, permanent nervous signs following disease Slaughter policy
33
Paramyxovirus of pigeons
Paramyxovirus of Pigeons Virus belonging to Newcastle disease group NOT ZOONOTIC Present in UK Movement restrictions in confirmed, vaccination available
34
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea
Pigs only Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus (Coronavirus) NOT ZOONOTIC Not present in UK, not notifiable in Wales Biosecurity plan, slaughter policy
35
Classical rabies
Dogs and other mammals Rhabdovirus ZOONOTIC absent from land mammals in the UK, eradicated in 1922 Import legislation, post import checks, pet travel scheme, quarantine, vaccination
36
Rift valley fever
Cattle, Sheep and Goats Rift Valley Fever Virus. Phlebovirus in Bunyaviradae ZOONOTIC Never in UK Transmitted by mosquitoes Import controls
37
Rinderpest (cattle plague)
Eradicated worldwide in 2011 Morbillivirus NOT ZOONOTIC Last in UK in 1877 Fever, shivering, breathing rapid, watery or mucus discharge flows from the eyes and nostrils, later blood in discharge Cattle plague order 1928
38
Scrapie
Sheep and goats Prion NOT ZOONOTIC Present in the UK Two types: Classical ( animals 2-5 years age) and Atypical Scrapie ( older than 5 years ( little or not so contagious) Affected animals show signs of skin irritation, behavioural changes, changes in posture and gait. Later signs weight loss and death. Biosecurity, national scrapie plan, compulsory monitoring scheme
39
Sheep and goat pox
Pox virus NOT ZOONOTIC Eradicated in UK in 1866
40
Surra
New disease Camels, bovines, llamas, mules, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs and cats Parasitic (Trypanosoma evansi) NOT ZOONOTIC In camels and horses often fatal . Can resemble rabies in dogs. Weight loss leg swelling chronic wasting disease in cattle. Abortion.
41
Swine vesicular disease
Pigs Enterovirus NOT ZOONOTIC Last in UK in 1982 Indistinguishable from FMD Movement restrictions. Slaughter of infected and suspects
42
Teschen disease (Porcine enterovirus encephalopathy)
Porcine enterovirus serotype 1 Never in UK Movement restrictions, slaughter, cleansing
43
Vesicular stomatitis
Cattle, pigs and horses, donkeys Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. Arbovirus Never in UK Lab testing, movement restrictions, slaughter
44
Warble fly (Scotland)
Cattle (also deer and horses) Larvae of the warble flies Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum NOT ZOONOTIC Eradicated in UK in 1990 Large, soft, painful swellings up to 3mm diameter develop on back Serological surveys Compulsory treatment where suspected
45
West Nile Virus
Horses Flavivirus (Arbovirus) ZOONOTIC Never in UK Spread by mosquitoes Clinical signs include fever, encephalopathy with nervous signs and have a 35% mortality rate. Most birds show inapparent disease except corvids (crows) associated with mass die off. Other mammals may also be infected. Surveillance on deaths of wild birds Vector control

VPH (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions