Notifiable, reportable and transboundary diseases Flashcards
What are notifiable diseases
Animal diseases that you are legally obliged to report to APHA, even if you only suspect that an animal may be affected
List some reasons why a disease may be made notifiable
international trade
public health- most are zoonotic
animal welfare
wider society
List some notifiable diseases
African and classical swine fever
Anthrax
Aujeszky’s disease
Avian influenza
BSE
Bluetongue
bovine TB
foot and mouth
newcastle disease
rabies
rift valley fever
rinderpest
scrapie
swine vesicular disease
For fish who do you report a notifiable disease to
Fish health inspector
What is a reportable disease
By law have to be reported to APHA when the causative agent has been identified
Name the virus which causes Foot and mouth disease and what animal it affects
Aphthavirus- picornavirus
Pigs and ruminants
What happens if FMD is suspected
Report to APHA immediately
will discuss, if cannot be ruled out over phone, will visit farm
You need to stay on farm till APHA vet comes
if still can’t be ruled out, samples are taken and the farm is declared a ‘suspect premises’
List the clinical signs of FMD
vesicles/ulcers in mouth, on tongue and feet
lameness
fever
markedly reduced production
Name the 3 zones when talking about infected premises and give a breif description
Protection zone- min 3km from infected premises, everything is tested
Surveillance zone- min of 10km from infected premises , start testing other farms
Restricted zone- national movement ban across england
For FMD how are the carcasses disposed of
Commercial incineration, rendering or licensed commerical landfill
Efforts made to make sure on-farm pyres are NOT used in the future
Define contact premise
other premises identified by epidemiological inquiry where the infection may have come from or spread to
why are we concerned about bTB
zoonotic
trade and international agreements
cost to production/ industry
animal health and welfare
How is bTB diagnosed
immune response to a test- the problem is the antibody doesn’t develop for a while after infection
Look at cell-mediated immune response - skin test
What species does the skin test for bTB not work in
badgers
cats
dogs
camelids
Name 3 common testing methods for bTB
skin test- single comparative to avian TB
gamma-interferon test- blood samples
post mortem examination and culture- no lesions and negative culture does not mean that the animal did not have TB
