Nov 12 Flashcards

Question

fate control

Answer 1

(interdependence theory of power) ONE partner TOTALLY determines outcomes of the other partner can draw on any of the six bases of power

Answer 2

(interdependence theory of power) one partner can MAKE IT MORE REWARDING for the other partner to change their behavioural choices usually draw on REWARD POWER make it more appealing for other partner to engage in a certain behaviour, more compromise-based

Answer 3

behaviour control (not fate control)

Answer 4

1. increase quality of their own alternatives 2. decrease apparent quality of partner's alternatives 3. improve value of rewards they can bestow on partner 4. reducing partner's perceived qualities & skills (to make them feel more dependent on the rewards that influencer can provide) 5. devaluing what the partner can offer to oneself

Answer 5

1. relationships with high imbalance in power tend to be characterized by: a) LOWER SATISFACTION b) LESS STABILITY c) GREATER CONFLICT 2. power affects our EMOTIONAL experience and how we RELATE to others ^ may feel guilty about imbalance

Answer 6

2 behavioural systems that help us navigate our world 1. behavioural approach system 2. behavioural inhibition system power influences BALANCE of TENDENCIES to approach and inhibit

Answer 7

moves us TOWARDS desired outcomes like a green light: go, go, go! triggered by presence of REWARDS & OPPORTUNITIES

Answer 8

aka avoidance system moves us AWAY from threats yellow light: slow down, be vigilant triggered by PUNISHMENT, THREAT, UNCERTAINTY

Answer 9

1. power is associated with greater access to rewards, freedom of interference ^ thus, higher power ACTIVATES approach-related tendencies ^ more focused on SEEKING REWARDS, without any care for constraints 2. lack of power elicits feelings of THREAT ^ thus, lack of power is associated with INCREASED INHIBITION ^ more VIGILANT and CAREFUL in making judgments/decisions

Answer 10

perspective taking don't need to rely on accurate understanding of others to accomplish goals don't need to pay attention to others, because you aren't reliant on others for your outcomes

Answer 11

1. Ps primed to feel MORE or LESS powerful ie. recall incident where you had power over others VS recall incident where others had power over you 2. draw an E on your forehead RESULTS: those primed to feel powerful were LESS LIKELY to TAKE DIFFS IN VISUAL PERSPECTIVE into account

Answer 12

1. less accurate in DECODING emotional expressions 2. less likely to take into account that others don't possess their privileged knowledge ie. read following scenario - co-worker recommends restaurant - target has terrible time - when asked how it was, responds sarcastically "just marvelous" - will the co-worker understand the sarcasm? ^ more confidence that they'll understand in the high power manipulation

Answer 13

that power should make people BEHAVE IN LESS CONSTRAINED and at times MORE INAPPROPRIATE ways ie. upper class individuals more likely to break law while driving ie. partners who perceive themselves as more committed to relationship (lower in power) more likely to refrain from hostile behaviour during conflict discussions, less likely to retaliate ie. the more powerful partner in relationship is more likely to be aggressive BUTTTTT partners who have low power & desire for power may also engage in coercive controlling tactics (esp when they're men)

Answer 14

also engage in COERCIVE/CONTROLLING TACTICS esp when they're men

Answer 15

1. measured extent to which PS were COMMUNALLY-ORIENTED or EXCHANGE-ORIENTED 2. manipulated power by having Ps sit in a fancy professor CHAIR or plain chair 3. following power manipulation, asked to complete series of QUESTIONNAIRES with another participant

Answer 16

HIGH POWER CONDITION: ^communally-oriented Ps performed most of the task while exchange oriented Ps shirked work LOW POWER CONDITION: ^no effect of communal vs exchange orientation

Answer 17

power doesn't corrupt, it REVEALS

Answer 18

1. IF they were experiencing MORE NEGATIVE EMOTIONS 2. or if HIGHER on NEGATIVE interpersonal TRAITS ie. high trait anger, chronic jealousy, low agreeableness

Answer 19

it DISINHIBITS amplifies pre-existing inclinations SITUATIONAL (ie. feeling more negative emotions at the time) or DISPOSITIONAL

Answer 20

PHYSICAL or VERBAL behaviour intended to HARM a person who doesn't want to be harmed

Answer 21

term that's sometimes but not consistently reserved for ACTS intended to cause EXTREME PHYSICAL harm ie. severe injury or death but this course and textbook use aggression and violence interchangeably

Answer 22

1. situational couple violence 2. coercive controlling violence 3. violent resistance

Answer 23

stems from angry verbal exchange that ESCALATES to physical altercation in the ABSENCE of general intent by either partner to dominate and control the other 1. often (not always) characterized by MILDER forms of aggression (pushing, grabbing) 2. women EQUALLY LIKELY to engage in this type of violence (severity of injury caused by men is higher though) 3. often MUTUAL, with both partners involved

Answer 24

reactive reflects FRUSTRATION and HOSTILITY evoked by a verbal argument

Answer 25

form of DOMESTIC VIOLENCE in which ONE partner uses EXTREME forms of aggression to DOMINATE the other 1. more likely to be perpetrated by MEN 2. PROACTIVE form of violence: reflects systematic & sustained strategy to intimidate and control another person 3. more likely to be ONE-SIDED, PERVASIVE in relationship & ESCALATE over time 4. more likely to result in SEVERE INJURIES, attempted MURDER, and DEATH

Answer 26

intimate terrorism battery

Answer 27

proactive ^ systematic & sustained strategy to intimidate and control another person

Answer 28

1. feelings of FEAR/CONFUSION 2. INVALIDATION/BELITTLING (emotional abuse, minimizing behaviour) 3. attempts at CONTROL (isolation, economic abuse) 4. THREATS (intimidation) & AGGRESSION

Answer 29

ie. avoid certain topics out of fear of angering partner ie. feel emotionally numb or helpless

Answer 30

ie. perpetrator humiliates & insults the other ie. blames the partner for own abuse

Answer 31

ie. excessive jealousy & possessiveness ie. keeps partner from seeing friends & family ie. limits access to money, car, etc

Answer 32

ie. volatile & unpredictable temper, aggression, threats of killing self or partner

Answer 33

1. tension building phase 2. explosive, acute battering phase 3. contrition phase repeats over and over

Answer 34

hostility erupts in angry outbursts often response to jealousy & desire for control

Answer 35

tension unleashed in act of rage & aggression often in context of disagreement or frustrating moment

Answer 36

perpetrator apologizes, promises to change tries to convince victim that abuse will never happen again

Answer 37

(intimate terrorism = coercive controlling violence) where situational couple violence is often product of destructive couple dynamics that can be addressed in couples therapy... coercive controlling violence is more of a PERVASIVE INDIVIDUAL problem

Answer 38

more likely to be diagnosed with PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS - esp ANTISOCIAL or BORDERLINE personality disorder

Answer 39

lack of regard for others, laws & social norms impulsivity and lack of control over anger (more common in intimate terrorism perpetrators)

Answer 40

intense fear of rejection & abandonment emotional instability & difficulty regulating emotions impulsivity

Answer 41

1. insecurity, hypersensitivity to rejection, jealousy ^ over attribute critical/rejecting thoughts to women 2. easily provoked to anger 3. more violent & more likely to see violence as justifiable 4. traditional gender attitudes 5. narcissism 6. more likely to abuse drugs/alcohol 7. experiences of aggression and violence in family of origin

Answer 42

inflated/unstable sense of self esteem sensitivity to ego threat proneness to respond with aggression

Answer 43

battered women make efforts to stop the abuse must understand intimate terrorism & response thereto in the context of an ongoing, committed romantic relationship it's not a single response, but an unfolding process of growing recognition & development of coping strategies may confront partner, try to reason with them, change their own behaviour to avoid triggers MAJORITY (70%) SEEK HELP FROM POLICE, COUNSELLORS, MEDICAL PERSONNEL

Answer 44

occurs when partner FORCIBLY FIGHTS BACK against intimate terrorism women who defend themselves are TWICE AS LIKELY to sustain INJURY thus, attempts at violent resistance may be short-lived

Answer 45

43% of women facing intimate terrorism left within 2.5 years

Answer 46

1. escaping safely may take time (may make multiple attempts) 2. entrapment due to psychological & economic abuse, isolation, fear of even greater violence & retaliation 3. may be deterred by continuing attachment & commitment to partner, emotional dependence 4. common belief that they'll be worse off (but people are happier after leaving abusive partner than they'd expect)

Answer 47

couple dynamic influenced by situational factors may engage in SCV in one relationship but not another strongest predictor of violence is receiving violence ^ negative reciprocity, as exists in verbal conflict

Answer 48

ANGER = strong predictor of interpersonal violence from ATTACHMENT PERSPECTIVE: a) anger is a FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE to SEPARATION from an attachment figure IF it deters unreliable attachment figure from LEAVING & RE-ESTABLISHES warm relations b) but intense, destructive, vengeful anger has potential to DESTROY relationship

Answer 49

anger is a functional response to separation from an attachment figure IF: a) it deters unreliable attachment figure from leaving b) re-establishes warm relations

Answer 50

attachment anxiety > high levels of relational anger 1. react with ANGER & hostility to AMBIGUOUS cues 2. more likely to RUMINATE on anger-provoking thoughts (less effective emotion regulation) 3. more EMOTIONAL SPREADING (activation of one negative emotion leads to activation of other negatively valenced but unrelated emotions)

Answer 51

gain attention and proximity

Answer 52

create distance

Answer 53

DISSOCIATED ANGER (don't report high anger but physiological markers show higher anger) rely on DISTANCING STRATEGIES to cope with anger: a) may discourage outright aggression, but avoidants can become violent when involved in intense negative reciprocity & demand-withdrawal dynamics (most likely when paired with anxiously attached partner)

Answer 54

seen in avoidantly attached individuals don't always REPORT high levels of anger in response to anger-eliciting events BUT exhibit more PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNS of anger arousal, greater hostility, appraise others' negative behaviours as having hostile intent

Answer 55

MAY discourage outright aggression BUT avoidants may become violent when involved in intense negative reciprocity and demand-withdrawal dynamics ^ most likely when paired with anxiously attached partner

Answer 56

SCV influenced by 3 factors 1. instigating triggers 2. impelling influences 3. inhibiting influences

Answer 57

events that AROUSE ANGER ie. betrayal, insults

Answer 58

factors that make it MORE LIKELY one will experience violent impulses when provoked ie. family history of violence, impulsivity, attachment insecurity, alcohol/drugs

Answer 59

factors that COUNTERACT aggressive impulses ie. good problem solving skills, commitment & accommodation

Answer 60

while some studies have found comparable rates of violence in same sex and straight couples... others suggest GREATER RISK OF VICTIMIZATION for gay & lesbian individuals impact of violence for sexual minorities may be COMPOUNDED by: a. lack of supportive services b. hesitancy to disclose

Answer 61

bisexual individuals related to perpetrator bi-negativity and perceived/real infidelity bi-negativity relates to neg stereotypes about promiscuity

Nov 12 Flashcards

(85 cards)