November revision Flashcards
(65 cards)
1
Q
Nano - symbol?
A
n
2
Q
Micro - symbol?
A
µ
3
Q
Milli - symbol?
A
m
4
Q
Kilo - symbol?
A
k
5
Q
Mega - symbol?
A
M
6
Q
Giga - symbol?
A
G
7
Q
Nano - maths representation?
A
x10 to the power -9
8
Q
Micro - maths representation?
A
x10 to the power -6
9
Q
Milli - maths representation?
A
x10 to the power -3
10
Q
Kilo - maths representation?
A
x10 to the power 3
11
Q
Mega - maths representation?
A
x10 to the power 6
12
Q
Giga - maths representation?
A
x10 to the power 9
13
Q
Radio wavelength in meters?
A
10 to the power 3
14
Q
Microwave wavelength in meters?
A
10 to the power -2
15
Q
Infrared wavelength in meters?
A
10 to the power -5
16
Q
Visible wavelength in meters?
A
.5 x 10 to the power -6
17
Q
Ultraviolet wavelength in meters?
A
10 to the power -8
18
Q
X-ray wavelength in meters?
A
10 to the power -10
19
Q
Gamma ray wavelength in meters?
A
10 to the power -12
20
Q
Radio frequency in Hz?
A
10 to the power 4
21
Q
Microwave frequency in Hz?
A
10 to the power 8
22
Q
Infrared frequency in Hz?
A
10 to the power 12
23
Q
Visible frequency in Hz?
A
10 to the power 15
24
Q
Ultraviolet frequency in Hz?
A
10 to the power 16
25
X-ray frequency in Hz?
10 to the power 18
26
Gamma ray frequency in Hz?
10 to the power 20
27
3 facts about the left hand side of the Electromagnetic spectrum?
Long wavelength
Low frequency
Low energy
28
3 facts about the right hand side of the Electromagnetic spectrum?
Short wavelength
High frequency
High energy
29
Electromagnetic waves - 3 facts?
Carry energy from one place to another
Can travel through solids, liquids, gases and a vacuum
travel at 3x10 to the power 8 m/s
30
Radio waves are used...?
...to transmit low frequency signals to radios and TVs as well as other communication systems
31
Microwaves are used...?
...to transmit mobile phone signals and cook food
32
Infrared radiation....facts?
is another term for heat. Is used to treat strained muscles and tissue. Is used to diagnose tumours. This works because a tumour emits more infrared radiation than healthy tissue. This can be displayed on a thermograph - a photo taken using infrared radiation.
33
Visible light...facts?
helps us see and can be used in a laser, which is a concentrated high energy beam of light. A carbon dioxide laser is used to treat tumours. An argon laser is used to repair damage to the retina of the eye. An argo laser is also used to remove birthmarks.
34
Ultraviolet lights...facts?
is used to treat skin conditions such as acne. Ultraviolet radiation is also used to kill harmful bacteria. Too much exposure to ultraviolet radiation may produce skin cancer or sunburn
35
x-rays...facts?
pass through soft body tissue but are absorbed by dense bones in the body. x rays darken an unexposed photographic film. They are used to detect breaks in bones - the break showing up as a dark line on a photographic film while the bone appears white.
36
Gamma rays...facts?
are produced by tracers taken into the body and detected using a gamma camera. High concentrated gamma rays can also be used to treat cancerous tumours and work by detroying or shrinking the body's cells. Gamma rays can be used to sterilise medical instruments once they have been packaged in plastic. Gamma rays penetrate plastic, killing bacteria and instruments remain sterile until the pack is opened.
37
gamma rays - hazards?
Gamma rays are a form of nuclear radiation. All these parts of the EM spectrum are ionising. This means that they can remove electrons from atoms, changing the nature of those atoms. In biological terms this leads to damage to DNA which can cause cell death or mutation. It is this property which makes them both causes of cancers as as well as suitable methods for treatment as long as they are used with extreme care. Overexposure to UV radiation can cause sunburn and/or skin cancer.
38
x rays - hazards?
Gamma rays are a form of nuclear radiation. All these parts of the EM spectrum are ionising. This means that they can remove electrons from atoms, changing the nature of those atoms. In biological terms this leads to damage to DNA which can cause cell death or mutation. It is this property which makes them both causes of cancers as as well as suitable methods for treatment as long as they are used with extreme care. Overexposure to UV radiation can cause sunburn and/or skin cancer.
39
ultraviolet - hazards?
Gamma rays are a form of nuclear radiation. All these parts of the EM spectrum are ionising. This means that they can remove electrons from atoms, changing the nature of those atoms. In biological terms this leads to damage to DNA which can cause cell death or mutation. It is this property which makes them both causes of cancers as as well as suitable methods for treatment as long as they are used with extreme care. Overexposure to UV radiation can cause sunburn and/or skin cancer.
40
visible light - hazards?
Laser light and direct sunlight can cause eye damage
41
infrared lights - hazards?
Possible risk of heating hazard
42
microwave - hazards?
Possible risk of heating hazard
43
radio waves - hazards?
no hazards
44
gamma rays - detectors?
photographic film, GM tube, scintillation counter in gamma camera.
45
x rays - detectors?
photographic film, fluorescent screen
46
ultraviolet light - detectors?
uv reactive pigment, skin (tanning), fluorescent materials
47
visible light - detectors?
eye, photographic film, electronic component (LDR)
48
infrared light - detectors?
black bulb thermometer, thermistor, photodiode, phototransistor, thermochromic fil
49
microwaves - detectors?
aerial
50
radio waves - detectors?
aerial - connected to a tuning circuit
51
The wave equation?
v = f x lambda, speed= frequencyx wavelenght
52
Speed relationship equation?
d = v x t, distance = speed x time
53
light travels at?
300,000,000m/s
54
light travels as rays in which direction?
in all directions
55
The normal direction of light travelling is?
is the line where light is unaffected and is always at 90 degrees to the surface.
56
laws of refelction? what does the diagram look like? and what is the rule?
the angle of incidence = angle of reflection
57
refraction occurs when?
light travels from one material into another
58
refraction causes the ray to do what?
change its speed and usually direction
59
refraction, what is altered, what remains the same?
only wavelength and speed are altered, frequency remains the same
60
what are the 2 types of lenses and what do they look like?
convex (like a rubgy ball) and concave like a squished in cylinder
61
what to convex lenses do to rays of light
brings the rays together into focus
62
what to concave lenses do to rays of light
causes the rays to spread apart
63
what is the critical angle in a material?
It is the angle in the material that gives an angle of refraction of 90 degrees
64
What is total internal reflection?
all the light is reflected inside the block
65
What can internal reflection be used for?
Can be used in optical fibres to send communication signals. Can also we used in a camera to view inside a human
