Npte Study

Question 1

Cerebrum is derived from what?

Answer 1

Prosencephlon or forebrain

Question 2

What does grey matter do?

Answer 2

Cortex responsible got process and cognition

Question 3

What does frontal lobe do?

Answer 3

Higher intellect, personality, mood, social conduct,and language

Question 4

Parietal lobe

Answer 4

Language, calculation and visuals Spatial 2 pt discrimination p

Question 5

Temporal lobe

Answer 5

Memory and language and primary auditory

Question 6

This disease affected the descending motor tracts within the cerebral motor cortex,. Symptoms include: hypertonicity, hyperreflexia, and abnormal reflexes. Damaged tracts are in the lateral white column.

Answer 6

Upper motor neuron

Question 7

Examples of UMN

Answer 7

CP, ALS, CVA, birth injuries, hydropchephalus, Huntington’s, MS, TBI, brain tumors, pseudobulbar palsy

Question 8

These diseases occur when the nerves or axons below the level of the brain stem are affected. The ventral gray column of SC may also be affected. Flaccidity, or weakness, decreased tone, fasiculations, muscle atrophy or absent reflexes.

Answer 8

LMN

Question 9

Examples of LMN

Answer 9

ALS, GB, tumors of SC, trauma, poliomyelitis, infection, Bell’s, progressive muscle atrophy, carpal tunnel, MD, spinal muscular atrophy

Question 10

Damage to Anterior horn cell causes what? What diseases?

Answer 10

Sensory intact, motor weakness and atrophy, fasiculations, decreased reflexes
ALS, poliomyelitis (LMN)

Question 11

Muscle impacted with UMN vs LMN

Answer 11

Sensory intact, motor weakness, no fasiculations, normal or decreased DTR
MD (LMN)

Question 12

NMJ affects in LMN vs UMN

Answer 12

Sensory intact, motor fatigue, normal DTR

MG LMN

Question 13

Affects of peripheral nerve or mononeuropathy LMN vs UMN

Answer 13

Sensory loss along nerve root, motor weakness and atrophy may have fasiculations
Trauma (LMN)

Question 14

Peripheral polyneuropathy LMN vs UMN

Answer 14

Sensory impairments stocking glove, motor weakness and atrophy, dista to proximal, decreased DTR
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Question 15

Spinal roots and nerve LMN vs UMN

Answer 15

Sensory will have corresponding dermatomal pattern, motor weakness via innervation, decreased DTR
Herniated disc

Question 16

Athetosis

Answer 16

Slow, twisting writhin movements large amplitude
Seen in face tongue and trunk and extremities
Typically associated with spasticity (CP and BG pathology)

Question 17

Chorea

Answer 17

Hyperkinesia, brief irregular contractions, rapid
Damage to caudate nucleus, fidgeting,
Ballism(form) large amp jerks-damage to subthalamic nucleus
Huntington’s

Question 18

Dystonia

Answer 18

Sustained muscle contractions, twisting and abnormal postures, or repetitive movements
All muscles can be affected during volitional movement
Genetic, acquired, SE meds,
Present sustained of agonist/antagonist,
Parkinsons CP and encephalitis

Question 19

Tics

Answer 19

Sudden brief repetitive coordinated movements at irregular intervals
Vocal, jerks or repetitive sounds
Tourette’s

Question 20

Tremors

Answer 20

Involuntary rhythmic oscillatory movement 3 groups
Resting: pill rolling Parkinson’s
Postural: rapid tremor in hyperthyroidism, fatigue or anxiety and benign tumor
Intention: increase as target approaches, cerebellum efferent pathway MS

Question 21

Inability to initiate a movement

Answer 21

Akinesia

Question 22

General weakness cerebellum pathology

Answer 22

Asthenia

Question 23

Clasp-knife

Answer 23

Resistance during range of motion of hypertonic joint, greatest resistance at initiation or range lessens with movement through range

Question 24

Rigidity where resistant to movement is physical quality

Answer 24

Cogwheel

Question 25

Inability to perform rapid alternating movements

Answer 25

Dysdiadochokinesia

Question 26

Inability to control ROM and force of muscular activity

Answer 26

Dysmetria

Question 27

Closely related to athetosis, larger axial movement than appendicular muscles

Answer 27

Dystonia

Question 28

Rigidity where there is uniform constant resistance often associated with lesions of BG

Answer 28

Lead pipe rigidity

Question 29

Inability to interpret information

Answer 29

Agnosia

Question 30

Inability to recognize symbols letters or numbers traced on skina

Answer 30

Agraphesthesia

Question 31

Inability to write (typically found with aphasia)

Answer 31

Agraphia

Question 32

Inability to read, within dominant lobe

Answer 32

Alexia

Question 33

Denial or unawareness of illness (unilateral neglect)

Answer 33

Anosognosia

Question 34

Inability to communicate or comprehend

Answer 34

Aphasia

Question 35

Inability to perform purposeful learned movements no sensory or motor impairment

Answer 35

Apraxia

Question 36

Inability to recognize objects by sense or touch

Answer 36

Astereognosis

Question 37

Inability to reproduce geometric figures, inability to visually analyze how to perform task

Answer 37

Constructional apraxia

Question 38

Characteristic or corticospinal lesion at level or brain stem extension of trunk and all extremities

Answer 38

Decerbrate rigidity

Question 39

Corticospinal lesion at diencephalon where trunk and LE position in extension and UE in flexion

Answer 39

Decorticating rigidity

Question 40

Slurred speech motor deficit of tongue

Answer 40

Dysarthria

Question 41

Impairment or Rhythm and inflection of speech

Answer 41

Dysprosody

Question 42

Right hemisphere infarct where there is inability to control emotions and outbursts of laughing or crying

Answer 42

Emotional lability

Question 43

Characteristic of receptive aphasia where speech produces functional output with articulation but lacks content

Answer 43

Fluent aphasia

Question 44

Inability to formulate initial motor plan and sequence of tasks where proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired

Answer 44

Ideational apraxia

Question 45

Condition where person plans a movement or task but cannot volitionally perform, cannot impose additional movements on command

Answer 45

Ideomotor apraxia

Question 46

Substitution within a word that is so severe that is makes the word unrecognizable

Answer 46

Neologism

Question 47

Characteristic of expressive aphasia speech is non-functional, effortful and contains paraphasia

Answer 47

Non-fluent aphasia

Question 48

Cauda equina injury

Answer 48

Below L1 (LMN)

Question 49

A surgical procedure that severs certain tracts within SC to decrease spasticity and improve function

Answer 49

Myelotomy

Question 50

A surgical removal of a segment of nerve in order to decrease spasticity and improve function

Answer 50

Neurectomy

Question 51

Bladder is flaccid as result of cauda equina or conus medullaris lesion. Sacral reflex arc is damaged

Answer 51

Neurogenic nonreflexive bladder

Question 52

Lowest segment of spinal cord with intact strength and sensation. Grade of fair.

Answer 52

Neurological level

Question 53

A form of abnormal breathing that is common in tetraplegia where the abdomen rises and the chest is pulled inward during inspiration, then opposite

Answer 53

Paradoxical breathing

Question 54

An incomplete lesion where son of teh innermost tracts remain Innervates, Saddle area, toe flexors, rectal sphincter

Answer 54

Sacral sparing

Question 55

Poor or trace motor or sensory function for up to 3 levels below the neurological level of injur

Answer 55

Zone of preservation

Question 56

Pusher’s syndrome

Answer 56

Can occur due to posterolateral thalami stroke, deficits with perception of orientation

Question 57

Correction for Pusher’s syndrome

Answer 57

Allow patient to utilize cane and lower height, will encourage WB through uninvolved side, visual cueing for upright DO NOT allow patients sound extremities to drift into abduction and or extension and push ALLOW patient to problem solve