NR 602 Midterm

Question 1

Nurse Practitioner Roles

Answer 1

Pediatric NP: work setting is pediatrics not family practice

Primary Care NP: well-child visits and preventative care

Acute Care NP: higher acuity - hospital setting

Question 2

Tertiary Care

Answer 2

requires both specialized expertise and equipment

Question 3

Quaternary Care

Answer 3

highly specialized expertise and highly unusual or specialized equipment

Question 4

Immunizations

Answer 4

See printout from the CDC

Question 5

Vaccines for Children (VFC)

Answer 5

The Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program provides vaccines to children whose parents or guardians may not be able to afford them.

Serving as one of the nation’s most important contributors to health equity, the program helps ensure that all children have a better chance of getting their recommended vaccinations on schedule and staying healthy.

Question 6

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Answer 6

Approximately 3500 infants die annually in the U. S. from sleep-related infant deaths, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision [ICD-10], R95), ill-defined deaths (ICD-10 R99), and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (ICD-10 W75) (American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP], 2022). SIDS rates declined significantly after the AAP launched the safe sleep recommendations in 1994; declines have slowed over the past few years (CDC, n. d.-b.).

Reducing the Risk of SIDS

Offer a pacifier during sleep times
Infants should be placed on their back for sleep until the age of 1
Do not have any soft objects like pillows, toys, or bumpers in the bed
Use infant sleep clothing rather than blankets
Use a firm mattress with a fitted sheet and no other bedding
Have the infants sleep in the same room as the parents, but in their own bed
Breastfeed if possible
Avoid overheating (in general infants would have 1 layer more than an adult would need)
Do not use commercial devices for safe sleep
Do not allow smoke in the home or use drugs or alcohol when caring for an infant
American Academy of Pediatrics, 2020

Question 7

Lead Poisoning

Answer 7

According to the WHO (2021a), lead exposure is linked to 900,000 deaths, with the highest numbers in low- and middle-income countries. Lead is highly toxic to the solid organs, bones, and nervous system. Severe lead poisoning may cause anemia, hypertension, and toxicity, and lead to coma or death. At lower levels, no symptoms may be obvious, although damage is occurring. Lead can affect brain development, leading to lower intelligence quotient (IQ), shorter attention spans, increased antisocial behaviors, and lower educational attainment. Worldwide, it is estimated that lead accounts for 62.5% of developmental intellectual disabilities not caused by another source WHO (2021a).

Where it’s found: Lead-based paint in homes built before 1978
Chipped paint on antique furniture and toys
Plumbing soldered with lead
Fixtures not intended for drinking water; hoses, spigots, hand washing stations
Breathing in or swallowing lead-contaminated soil while playing
Eating fruits and vegetables grown in contaminated soil
Old playground equipment
Artificial turf
Playground surfaces with shredded rubber
Glazed pottery
Asian, Hispanic, and Indian spices
Mexican candy with tamarindo and chili
Toys
Jewelry

Question 8

Newborn Assessment

Question 9

Newborn digestive system and nutrition

Question 10

Well-child visits

Answer 10

Anticipatory guidance aims to help parents and caregivers plan for and cope with upcoming or anticipated developmental changes and challenges. It is age-specific.

Screening for abuse:

Privacy and mandatory reporting:

Gender identity development:

Question 11

Pediatric assessment

Answer 11

Pediatric physical exam:

Growth and development:

Development milestones and screenings:

Tanner stages:

Common growth and development health problems:

Question 12

Endocrine/Metabolic (Adrenal insufficiency, Hypothyroidism)

Question 13

Adolescent sexuality, gender identity and gender expression

Answer 13

gender identity is the internal perception

Question 14

Gender dysphoria

Question 15

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Question 16

Genetic testing

Question 17

Down’s syndrome

Question 18

Fever

Question 19

Dermatologic disorders

Answer 19

Contact dermatitis:

Scabies:

Chiggers:

Pediculosis:

Nevi:

Port wine stain:

Question 20

Eye disorders

Answer 20

Eye injuries:

Congenital cataracts:

Antibiotics for eye infections:

Retinoblastoma:

Question 21

Ear disorders

Answer 21

Otitis Media:

Otitis Externa:

Foreign body:

Question 22

Allergic Rhinitis

Question 23

Mouth and throat disorders

Answer 23

Streptococcal pharyngitis:

Scarlet fever:

Pharyngitis:

Mastoiditis:

Peritonsillar Abscesses:

Question 24

Respiratory disorders

Answer 24

Upper respiratory Infection:

Asthma:

Acute Viral Bronchitis:

Spirometry:

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV):

Exercise-induced asthma:

Cystic fibrosis:

Question 25

The American Association of Ophthalmic Oncologists and Pathologists (AAOOP) screening recommendations for children at risk for retinoblastoma

Question 26

Kawasaki Disease

Answer 26

Kawasaki disease (KD), also known as Kawasaki syndrome, is a disease that can cause damage to the heart and blood vessels, mostly in children younger than 5 years old. It affects boys more often than girls. The cause of KD is not known. In the continental United States, it's estimated that KD occurs in 9 to 20 per 100,000 children under 5 years of age. Children with KD have a fever that typically lasts for 5 days or longer. They may also have some or all of the following symptoms: Rash Swelling and redness of their hands and feet Irritation and redness of the whites of their eyes Swollen lymph glands in their neck Irritation and inflammation of their mouth, lips, and throat

Question 27

Atrial Septal defect

Question 28

Ventricular septal defect

Question 29

Heart failure

Question 30

Normal physiological murmur

Question 31

Hypertension assessment and management in a child

Question 32

Sickle Cell Disease

Question 33

Headache (migraine)

Question 34

Secondary or pathological headaches

Question 35

Concussions

Question 36

Cerebral Palsy

Question 37

Hydrocephalus

Question 38

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Answer 38

Osgood-Schlatter disease involves inflammation of the growth plate or area where the patellar tendon connects to the tibia (tibial tubercle) and is commonly diagnosed during the adolescent growth spurt. (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons [AAOS], n.d.). Signs and symptoms Pain and swelling of the tibial tubercle, which worsens with athletic activity butis relieved by rest Pronounced tibial tubercle Tight anterior and posterior upper leg muscles Diagnostic tests: X-ray Treatment Rest Modified activity Ice Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Strengthening and stretching

Question 39

Patellofemoral pain syndrome/knee pain

Question 40

Sprains