NSAIDs

Question 1

what is the function of Prostaglandin E (PGE)

Answer 1

• increased mucous production
• decreases acid production
• increases regeneration rate of mucous membranes
• dilates vessels in the kidneys - kidney protection
  
  • Increase renal blood flow
  • Protect against kidney damage

Question 2

What is the localisation of COX-1 isoenzyme?

Answer 2

stomach, kidney, platelets

Constituitive

always present

“house keeping enzyme”

Question 3

What is the loaction is COX-2 isoenzyme?

Answer 3

Macrophages and fibroblasts

Inductive

want to inhibit in the case of inflmmation

Question 4

what is the localisation of COX-3 isoenzymes?

Answer 4

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Fever effect

Antipiretic, analgesic

Question 5

name some traditional non COX-2 selective NSAIDs?

Answer 5

Aspirin

Ketoprophen

Fluxinin

Piroxicam

Question 6

name come preferential COX-2 selective NSAIDs?

Answer 6

Meloxicam

Caprofen

vedaprofen

Question 7

name the most important NSAID used in horses?

Answer 7

Fluxinin

Question 8

describe Coxibs?

Answer 8

very safe

COX-2 selective

Question 9

name some coxibs?

Answer 9

Fibrocoxib

Robenacoxib

Deracoxib

Cimicoxib

Mavacoxib

Question 10

describe the side effects of NSAIDs?

Answer 10

GI ulceration and bleeding

kidney damage (predisposing factors)

Liver damage

Platelet aggregation inhibition

Methaeoglobinaemia (paracetamol)

Problems during pregnancy

Cartilage damage

Question 11

Name some COX-3 inhibitors?

Answer 11

Paracetamol

metamizole

acetaminophen

Question 12

describe the indications of NSAIDs?

Answer 12

• Osteoarthritis, osteoarthrosis
• Infectious arthritis
• Myositis, tendinitis
• Fever
• Endotoxaemia
• GI and urinary tract spasm
• Colitis

Question 13

name the NSAIDS best suited for treatment of E.coli mastitis, enteritis in small animals, in gram negative infection?

Answer 13

Meloxicam and fluxinin

Antiendotoxin

Question 14

Name the drugs best used to release spasms of the SM in the equine gut during colic?

Answer 14

Fluxinin

Metamizole

Spasmolytic

Question 15

Name the best NSAID used as a antineoplastic drug?

Answer 15

Piroxicam

Question 16

how do we minimise the chance of gastric ulcers associated with NSAID treatment?

Answer 16

administer with food or within protective capsule

Question 17

hypoalbuminaemia can increase the chance of side effects?

Answer 17

True

extensive albumin binding protects the body from the drug

Question 18

what is the purpose of the loading dose?

Answer 18

to saturate the albumin with the drug

Question 19

Is there a WP for milk with NSAIDs?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

describe the metabolism of NSAIDs?

Answer 20

• mostly glucuronic acid conjugation
• Feline sensitivity
  
  • missing the enzyme
  • Often smaller dose required

Question 21

describe the excretion?

Answer 21

in the urine in both active and inactive forms

Question 22

describe how GI ulceration occurs?

Answer 22

1. Local irritation ( ion trapping)
2. Reduced PGE

• less protection of the gastric mucosa

Question 23

which NSAIDs often have platelet aggregation inhibition as a common side effect?

Answer 23

Asprin

Fluxinin

Tolfenamic acid

Ketoprophen

Question 24

which NSAIDs can cause cartilage damage by proteoglycan synthesis inhibition?

Answer 24

Asprin

Ibuprofen

ketoprofen

naproxen

Question 25

name the salicylates?

Answer 25

Asprin Sulfasalazine Mesalazine

Question 26

name the arilproprionic acids?

Answer 26

Ketoprofen Vedaprofen carprofen

Question 27

describe the benifits of using carprofen?

Answer 27

no cartilage damage rare side effects **COX-2 preferential** also for exotic animals long action in cattle

Question 28

name the Anthronilic acids?

Answer 28

Fluxinin meglumine Tolfenamic acid

Question 29

describe fluxinin?

Answer 29

widely used in Eq thrombocyte aggregation inhibition **antiendotoxic**

Question 30

describe the benifit of tolfenamic acid?

Answer 30

safe short term in cats

Question 31

name the Oxicams?

Answer 31

Meloxicam Piroxicam

Question 32

describe Meloxicam?

Answer 32

**COX-2 preferential** Used in Large animals for E.coli mastitis - antiendotoxin

Question 33

describe a useful feature of Piroxicam?

Answer 33

**Antineoplastic** prostate tumours urinary bladder tumours

Question 34

name the Non-acidic NSAID substances?

Answer 34

Alinin derivatives Pyrazolones

Question 35

Name and describe an Alanin derivative?

Answer 35

**Paracetamol** COX-3 selective analgesic, anitpyretic (minor analgesic) Never use in cats

Question 36

name and describe a Pyrazolone?

Answer 36

**Metamizole** Not specific but mainly COX-3 can be used in the case of horse colic however not as effective as fluxinin

Question 37

why are the coxibs different from other NSAIDs?

Answer 37

**Highly selective COX-2 inhibition** less damaging to GI tract However can cause more damage to the cardiovascular system