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Day 1 > Nuclear Chemistry > Flashcards

Nuclear Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Discovered Uranium

A

Marrin Klaport, 1789

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2
Q

Discovered X-rays

A

Wilhelm Roentgen, 1895

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3
Q

Discovered radioactivity

A

Henri Becquerel, 1896

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4
Q

Elements discovered by Curie

A

Ra, Po

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5
Q

Alpha and Beta particles

A

Ernest Rutherford

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6
Q

Discovered Gamma Rays

A

Paul Ulrich Villard

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7
Q

Device used for measuring radioactivity

A

Geiger Counter by Hans Geiger, 1911

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8
Q

Discovered Transmutation
What nuclide was first formed?

A

Ernest Rutherford
N-14 + alpha = O-17 +proton

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9
Q

Who coined the term radioactivity?

A

Marie Curie

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10
Q

Discovered Atificial Radioactivity in 1934

A

Irene Joliot Curie
Frederic Joliot

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11
Q

First artificial nuclide

A

Phosphorus-30

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12
Q

Father of Nuclear Energy and Godfather of Nuclear Fission

A

Otto Hahn, 1938

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13
Q

Produced new elements through neutron irradation

A

Enrico Fermi

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14
Q

Discovered 10 transuranium (Z>92) elements. Also discovered I-131

A

Glenn Seaborg

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15
Q

Hiroshima Bomb

A

Little Boy
U-235
August 6, 1945

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16
Q

Nagasaki Bomb

A

Fat Man
Pu-239
August 9, 1945

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17
Q

Bombardment of a nuclei by proton, neutron, or other nuclei

A

Nuclear Transmutation

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18
Q

Magic Numbers

A

2
8
20
28
50
82
126

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19
Q

Belt of Stability

A

above - beta decay
beyond - alpha decay
below (lighter) - positron decay
below (heavier) - electron capture

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20
Q

Isotope engulfed by Alexander Litvinienko, and its half life

A

Po-210
t½ = 138 days

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21
Q

Uranium Decay Series

A

U-238 to Pb-206

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22
Q

Thorium Decay Series

A

Th-232 to Pb-208

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23
Q

Plutonium Decay Series

A

Pu-241 to U-235

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24
Q

Neptunium Decay Series

A

Np-237 to Tl-205

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25
Actinium Decay Series
U-235 to Pb-207
26
1 g to amu
Constant 24 - Avogardo's Number
27
1 ev to J
Constant 23 - Electric Charge
28
Decay rate of 1 gram of Ra-286
1 Ci = 3.7×10^10 Bg or dis/s
29
Half life and initial activity of C-14
5730 years 15.3 disintegrations/minute
30
Half life of U-238
4.51 Billion
31
Half-life of K-40 and used in what field?
1.2×10^9, Geochemistry
32
Isotope to detect water content of the body Half-life?
Tritium, H-3 12.5 years
33
Use of neutron for transmutation
ideal as neutron is not repelled by the nucleus of the target atom
34
Use of proton for transmutation
Particle needs to be accelerated (increase its Kinetic Energy) to overcome repulsion
35
What is nuclear fission? Is it endothermic or exothermic?
Exothermic process, which deals with dividing of large nuclei into smaller ones
36
Nuclear chain reaction will mostly likely not occur when
mass of fissionable material is at subcritical or below the minimum critical mass to start a nuclear chain reactiob
37
1 small atomic bomb has ____tons of TNT
20,000 tons of trinitrotoluene
38
First atomic bomb? Where was it dropped?
Trinity at a test site in New Mexico
39
Who explained the Cherenkov radiation?
Ilya Frank Igor Tamm
40
Substance used to decelerate neutron produced from fission
Moderator (slower neutron splits U-235 more effectively)
41
Naturally occuring Uranium has about ___% of U-235. In a light water reactor, it is increased to _____%.
0.7℅ 3-4%
42
In a Protium-moderated reactor, reaction rate is increased by
decreasing cadmium or boron control rods that capture neutron
43
Moderator of Heavy Water Nuclear Reactor
H-2/Deuterium
44
Isotope to examine the activity of the thyroid gland. Half life?
I-131 8 daysq
45
Isotope that images the heart, lungs, and liver. Half-life?
Technetium-99m 6 hours
46
Isotope to detect obstruction of blood flow
Na-24
47
Reaction that occurs constantly in the sun at 15×10^6 °C
Nuclear Fusion
48
Inert gas ionized by alpha particles in a Geiger Counter
Argon
49
Intensity or activity of radiation is inversely proportional to
distance^²
50
Phosphor of scintillating counter for gamma rays
Sodium Iodide activated using Thallium (II) Iodide
51
Phosphor for alpha rays
Zinc sulfide
52
Meaning of rad Equivalence of 1 rad in gray
radiation absorbed dose 1 rad=0.01 gray
53
1 rem is equal to
1 rad × RBE (relative biological effectiveness) 1 rem = 0.01 sievert
54
1 Roentgen is equal to how many C/kg
2.58×10^-4 C/kg
55
Amount of radiation that results from the absorption of 0.01 J/kg of irradiated material
56
Isotope for smoke detecting
Am-241
57
Isotope for Eye-treatment
Strontium-90
58
Beat impeding material against gamma rays
Lead
59
Impeding material/s for beta rays
Aluminum Lucite/Plexiglass for stronger
60
A particle which isn't affected by both magnetic and electric fields
Gamma rays
61
RBE for all the rays
1 - beta, gamma, x-rays 3 - slow neutrons 10 - fast neutrons, protons 20 - alpha rays
62
Average number of neutrons released in every nuclear fission of U-235
2.4 neutrons
63
Number of isotopes of Radon
20
64
Isotope to diagnose albinism and image of spleen
Cr-51
65
Isotope for detecting eye tumors
P-32
66
Compounds having unpaired electrons
Free radicals
67
Half life of Lawrecium-257
0.65 seconds
68
New superheavy elements are obtained by bombarding Lead isotopes with...
Ca-48 Ni-64
69
Isotope for heart scanning during exercise
Thallium-201
70
Isotope for kidney scans
Hg-197
71
Energy supplied by the Sun
100 J/m²-s
72
Called the ghost particles
Neutrinos (10M times lighter than electrons)
73
Half life of Ru-82
1.26 mins
74
Half-life of Ru-83
86.2 days
75
Best materials to impede fast neutrons
water paraffin concrete
76
Best material to impede slow neutrons
Cadmium layer
77
Decay product of Ra-222 that produces harmful effects
Po-218
78
What causes Cherenkov radiation?
Speed of electrons in water is greater that speed of light in the same medium (n=1.33)
79
Only non-radioactive isotope of Iodine
I-127
80
Number of Isotopes of Iodine
37 (I-108 to I-144)
81
Hormone precent in pregnancy test
hCG Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
82
Half-life if Ru-84
33 days
83
Half life of Americium-241
432 years
84
Half-life of Tritium
12.3 years

Day 1 (4 decks)

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