Nuclear Engineering Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
Scientific discoveries on the atom’s structure and behavior set the stage for the nuclear energy
A
Early 20th Century
2
Q
Nuclear fission research and atomic bomb development
A
1930s-1940s
3
Q
Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant in the Soviet Union, the first commercial nuclear power plant.
A
1954
4
Q
the first commercial nuclear power plant.
A
Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant
5
Q
Nuclear energy gains popularity
A
Late 20th Century
6
Q
Nuclear energy provides about ___ of the world’s electricity
A
10%
7
Q
Nuclear Energy is used not only for electricity generation but also in ?
A
uclear medicine and various industrial processes.
8
Q
key challenges associated with nuclear power
A
Safety concerns and radioactive waste management
9
Q
the first ASEAN Member State (AMS) to build a nuclear power plant.
A
The Philippines
10
Q
In ____, when the Philippines underwent an oil crisis, the ___________administration decided to build a nuclear power plant comprising ________ units.
A
1973
Ferdinand Marcos
two 600 MWe units.
11
Q
inked a nuclear energy cooperation agreement in 2019 to investigate the possibility of ROSATOM
A
Russia and the Philippines
12
Q
In Japan, The first commercial nuclear power reactor began operations in?
A
mid-1966
13
Q
Up until _____, Japan was generating some _____ of electricity from its reactors.
A
2011
30%
14
Q
Japan has ___ nuclear power reactors classed as operable.
A
33
15
Q
Which country has no indigenous uranium?
A
Japan
16
Q
operated a small uranium refining and conversion plant at Ningyo Toge, Okayama prefecture, but these facilities are now decommissioned.
A
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
17
Q
has one of the largest nuclear power programs in the world.
A
France
18
Q
Nuclear power plants in France generated _______ kilowatt-hours of electricity in 2021
A
361 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity in 2021,
19
Q
About______ of France’s electricity is from recycled nuclear fuel.
A
17%
20
Q
In 2021, the nuclear share of total U.S. electricity generating capacity was about _____
A
8%
21
Q
In the U.S., the nuclear share of total utility-scale electricity generation was about ____.
A
19%
22
Q
Electricity generation from commercial nuclear power plants in the United States began in ______
A
1958
23
Q
At the end of 2021, there were_____ operating reactors with a combined generation capacity of about _______ MW
A
93
95,492 MW
24
Q
Most U.S commercial nuclear power reactors are located east of the?
A
Mississippi River
25
had more reactors than any state in the U. S. (11 reactors at 6 plants)
Illinois
26
has the largest U.S. nuclear reactor
The Grand Gulf Nuclear Station in Port Gibson, Mississippi
27
completely self-sufficient in the production of nuclear energy
India
28
conducts uranium mining and processing in Jharkhand close to Calcutta.
Uranium Corporation of India Ltd. (UCIL)
29
the first nuclear power station in Russia
5 MW Obninsk reactor
30
The sole Russian utility running the nuclear reactor in?
Rosenergoatom
31
use nuclear energy as the backbone of its power generation system in the next 10 to 20 years
CHINA
32
according to the National Energy Administration (NAE), adding up to _____ of nuclear capacity during that time.
according to the National Energy Administration (NAE), adding up to 300 GWe
33
The international demand for nuclear energy is expected to grow in the coming decades. The factors are:
need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the increasing cost of fossil fuels, and the growing population.
34
nuclear power currently provides about ____of the world’s electricity and _____ of electricity in Organisation for _______
10%
18%
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
35
The countries with the highest demand for nuclear energy are
China, India, and Russia
36
currently the world’s largest nuclear power plant builder
China
37
is expected to add more than 100 gigawatts of nuclear capacity by 2050
China
38
also planning to add a significant amount of nuclear capacity
India
39
looking to export its nuclear technology to other countries
Russia
40
The demand for nuclear energy is also growing in developed countries, such as the
United States, France, and Japan.
41
presents electricity generation growth of between 45% and 84% over 2013-2040 across its three scenarios.
WEO 2015
42
presents electricity generation growth of between 43% and 78% over 2014-2040 across its three scenarios.
WEO 2016
43
presents electricity generation growth of between 48% and 75% over 2015-2040 across its three scenarios.
WEO 2017
44
presents electricity generation growth of between 49% and 72% over 2016-2040 across its three scenarios.
WEO 2018
45
presents electricity generation growth of between 51% and 67% over 2017-2040 across its three scenarios.
WEO 2019
46
presents electricity generation growth of between 46% and 51% over 2018-2040 across its three scenarios.
WEO 2020
47
Why does the World Energy Outlook only predict electricity generation from 2013 to 2040?
it is difficult to make accurate projections that far into the future.
48
Why does the prediction end in 2040?
the IEA believes that it is the most likely year for the world to reach peak electricity demand.
49
Following the start of the fourth Arab-Israeli conflict in October 6, 1973, the majority of the nations regarded as being favorable to Israel-including Europe were subject to limitations on OPEC oil exports and production.
The 1973 Oil Crisis
50
During 1973 Oil Crisis, The price of oil increased by 300 percent from ____ to over ____ per barrel.
$3-$12
51
During the 1973 oil crisis, the Marcos administration decided to build a nuclear plant comprising
two 600 MWe units
52
In _____, the ______ was created by the government, and a nuclear program was formally launched.
1958, the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC)
53
are advanced nuclear reactors with power capacities of typical nuclear power reactors.
Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)
54
are currently the predominant technology for nuclear energy production worldwide
Light Water Reactors (LWRs)
55
account for more than 65% of commercial reactors in the United States.
Pressurized-water Reactors, or PWRs,
56
account for around one-third of all reactors in operation in the United States.
Boiling water reactors (BWRs)
57
heat water and produce steam directly inside the reactor vessel
Boiling water reactors (BWRs)
58
a nuclear fission reactor with significant improvements over the most recent generation of nuclear fission reactors
Advanced Nuclear Reactors
59
one-of-a-kind scientific user facility capable of carrying out large-scale, fast-spectrum neutron-irradiation tests
Versatile Test Reactor (VTR)
60
Reactor Design and Operation deals with the Following unit operations
Heat Transfer Calculations
Fluid Flow Calculations
Mass and Energy Balances
Uranium Enrichment Calculations
Chemical Reaction Kinetics
Material and Energy Balances
61
Determining heat transfer rates and temperature profile within the reactor core and coolant systems using principle of conduction, convection, and radiation.
Heat Transfer Calculations
62
Analyzing fluid dynamics, pressure drop, and flow rates in coolant systems
Fluid Flow Calculations
63
Performing mass and energy balance calculations to analyze the behavior of nuclear reactions
Mass and Energy Balances
64
Determining the required enrichments level of uranium fuel and calculating the separative work units (SWU) needed for uranium enrichment processes
Uranium Enrichment Calculations
65
Modeling and analyzing chemical reactions involved in fuel production processes
Chemical Reaction Kinetics
66
Calculating the quantities of reactants, product and energy requirements in fuel production processes
Material and Energy Balances
67
3 Surprising Ways to Use Nuclear Energy
1. Nuclear Desalination
2. Clean Hydrogen Production
3. Process Heating Industry
68
Dozens of US nuclear energy businesses are now developing new reactor systems that are carbon-free
Nuclear Desalination
69
Hydrogen is an important component of future energy systems since it can be produced with little to no emissions
Clean Hydrogen Production
70
A clean, dependable, and consistent source of high-temperature heat, nuclear energy can power industrial facilities
Process Heating Industry
71
one of the major concerns with nuclear energy is the management and disposal of radioactive waste.
Radioactive Waste Management
72
Although nuclear accidents are rare, they can have severe consequences for the environment and human populations.
Risk of Accidents
73
Uranium is the primary fuel in nuclear reactors, and there are concerns about the limited availability of these resources.
Limited Uranium Resources
74
The construction and startup costs of nuclear power plants are generally high compared to other energy sources.
High Initial Costs
75
When a nuclear power plant reaches the end of its operational life, it must be decommissioned and the site remediated.
Decommissioning and Site Remediation
76
Nuclear energy carries a legacy of public concerns and perceptions related to safety, ccidents , and radioactive waste.
Public Perception and Trust
77
widely regarded as mankind’s catastrophic nuclear destruction to history
Chernobyl(1986 in Ukraine)
78
Chernobyl happened on ______, when a sudden spike in power during a nuclear system test caused an explosion and fire that destroyed Unit 4.
April 26,1986
79
RBMK Stands for
Reaktor Bolshoy Moshchnosti Kanalny
80
RBMK translates to “______’ in English.
Power Channel type Reactor’
81
the primary contributing factor to the nuclear meltdown in Chernobyl.
Xenon intoxication
82
The Three Mile Island nuclear power plant is located in
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in the United States
83
earthquake and tsunami which devastated eastern Japan ended up causing an enormous meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power facility
March 11,2011
84
The plant was never fueled or turned on, though, due to financial problems and worries about earthquakes.
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant, Philippines 1980
85
Carbon emission is little to none since it produces energy by fission
Less Carbon Emissions
86
Electricity is produced using the heat from fission to produce steam, which turns a turbine.
Less Carbon Emissions
87
Smallest power plant in the US
R.E. Ginna Nuclear Power Station in New York
88
Has one reactor and a net summer energy production capacity roughly 582 megawatts (MW)
R.E. Ginna Nuclear Power Station
89
The Philippines had its first and only operational nuclear power plant
the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP)
90
has been established for the guidance in the implementation and timeline of activities of the Nuclear Energy Program Implementing Organization
Nuclear Power Program (NPP) Roadmap
91
the NEPIO conducts studies that take into account the factors to be considered before launching an NPP
During Phase 1
92
The outcome of the peer review will allow NEPIO to begin planning for acknowledgement commitment to the NPP.
The activities for Phase 2 of the rode map
93
indicate the readiness to contract for and build a nuclear power project in Phase 3.
The outcome of the Phase 2 evaluation
94
Duterte’s Executive Order 164
Adopting a National Position for Nuclear Energy Program and for Other Purposes
95
President Rodrigo Duterte’s Executive Order 164, signed on _________, is the first step toward nuclear power.
February 28, 2022
96
The EO is based on these principles to ensure that the country adheres to the highest standards when implementing a?
Nuclear Energy Program
97
will now be considered as an option to address the country’s energy concerns under EO 164
Nuclear power
