Nuclear Physics Flashcards
(11 cards)
Name the three types of radiation
Alpha (Highest ionisation)
Beta (Medium ionisation)
Gamma (Very low ionisation)
What particles are emitted by alpha radiation
He-nuclei
What particles are emitted by beta radiation
Neutron splits, releases fast moving electrons
What particles are emitted by gamma radiation
Electro-magnetic wave
State what materials are able to stop each of the three radiation types
- Alpha: Paper, 3cm air, skin
- Beta: 2mm Al
- Gamma: 3cm lead
Give examples of where radiation occurs naturally
- Cosmic rays
- C-14 atoms in bones
- Rocks (mica)
What instrument is used to detect radiation?
Geiger-Müller tube
Explain the working of a GM tube
Radiation ionises air, which increases the potential difference in the tube. This causes sparks, which are counted
Provide uses of radioactive decay
- Nuclear energy
- Atomic bombs
- Carbon dating
- Finding leakages in long oil pipes
Provide safety precautions for working with radioactive materials
- Wear safety goggles and gloves
- Apron
- Screen
- Forceps
Provide safety precautions for storing radioactive materials
- Lead container
- Locked in strongroom
