*Nucleic Acid

Question 1

Biomolecules that are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen & phosphorus.

Answer 1

Nucleic Acids

Question 2

The building blocks of nucleic acids.

Answer 2

Nucleotides

Question 3

The structure of a nucleotide is composed of 3 groups:

Answer 3

• Phosphate
• Pentose Sugar
• Nitrogenous Base

Question 4

What are the nucleotides/chemical bases present in a DNA?

Answer 4

• Guanine (G)
• Cytosine (C)
• Adenine (A)
• Thymine (T)

Question 5

What are the nucleotides/chemical bases present in a RNA?

Answer 5

• Guanine (G)
• Cytosine (C)
• Adenine (A)
• Uracil (U)

Question 6

Nucleotides are held by the covalent bonds called ________ between the sugar of one nucleotide & the phosphate of another.

Answer 6

Phosphodiester Bonds

Question 7

What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?

Answer 7

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
• Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 8

It stores the hereditary information of an organism & contains materials for protein.

Answer 8

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Question 9

How many strands is DNA made up of?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What shape do two strands of DNA form?

Answer 10

Double Helix

Question 11

Where is DNA located?

Answer 11

It is primarily found in the cell’s nucleus.

Question 12

It transfers information from the DNA to the ribosomes by carrying the protein recipe.

Answer 12

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 13

How many strands are RNA made of?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

What shape does an RNA form?

Answer 14

Single Helix

Question 15

How is the RNA powered?

Answer 15

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 16

What sugar is present in DNA?

Answer 16

Deoxyribose

Question 17

What sugar is present in RNA?

Answer 17

Ribose

Question 18

What is the division of cells?

Answer 18

Mitosis

Question 19

True or False. 2 DNA strands are anti-parallel.

Answer 19

True (5’ to 3’, 3’ to 5’)

Question 20

True or False. Hydrogen bonds break at high temperature.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the copying of DNA?

Answer 21

DNA Replication

Question 22

Why does DNA replication happen?

Answer 22

: to ensure all cells in the body have the same DNA.

Question 23

True or False. DNA replication happens before mitosis.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or False. DNA replication, DNA transcription, elongation & termination are independent processes.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What are the enzymes included in DNA replication?

Answer 25

• Helicase • Primase • DNA Polymerase III • DNA Polymerase I • Ligase

Question 26

It breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases, unzipping DNA into 2 separate open strands.

Answer 26

Helicase

Question 27

it catalyzes the synthesis of short RNA molecules used as primers for DNA polymerases.

Answer 27

Primase

Question 28

It produces new DNA strands in 5' to 3' orientation.

Answer 28

DNA Polymerase III

Question 29

It fills the gap between primers.

Answer 29

DNA Polymerase I

Question 30

Segments of DNA put in gaps between primers.

Answer 30

Okazaki fragments

Question 31

It seals the DNA strands together.

Answer 31

Ligase

Question 32

Which strand has a continuous process by the DNA polymerase III.

Answer 32

Leading strand

Question 33

What is the opening of the 2 strands called?

Answer 33

Replication fork

Question 34

In which motion are DNA put unto the open DNA strands.

Answer 34

5' to 3'

Question 35

What is the strand that has an orientation of 3' to 5'?

Answer 35

Lagging strand

Question 36

What are the steps of DNA replication?

Answer 36

1. Helicase: Unzip 2. Primase: Create a primer 3. DNA Polymerase III: Creates the new DNA strand (5' to 3'); continuous on leading strand, by fragment on lagging strand 4. Exonucleus: Remove the primers 5. DNA Polymerase I: Fill the gaps in the lagging strand with okazaki fragments 6. Ligase: Seal the DNA

Question 37

True or False. In the leading strand, there is a repeated process of Okazaki fragments started by RNA primers.

Answer 37

False; Lagging strand

Question 38

What does the RNA polymerase do in DNA transcription?

Answer 38

1. Unzip the DNA: With the help of **transcription factors**, binds to the promoter & pries the 2 strands apart 2. Elongation: RNA synthesis along the gene 3. Termination: As it zips up the DNA, the enzyme detaches from the gene & the DNA returns to its original state.

Question 39

True or False. When DNA is zipped up, RNA falls without a template.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What is the final product of DNA transcription?

Answer 40

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 41

The collective process by which the genetic code is read by enzymes in order to produce the proteins in an organism.

Answer 41

DNA Transcription & Translation

Question 42

Parts of a chromosome that code for many things.

Answer 42

Genes

Question 43

What will be produced when a gene is expressed (gene expression)?

Answer 43

Protein

Question 44

The first step; the process by which enzymes use one of the DNA strands within a gene as a template to produce mRNA.

Answer 44

DNA Transcription

Question 45

The strand used to generate mRNA.

Answer 45

Template Strand (Antisense Strand)

Question 46

The strand that isn't used.

Answer 46

Nontemplate Strand (Sense Strand)

Question 47

True or False. RNA polymerase doesn't need primers to start with elongation.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Elongation

Answer 48

The process of synthesizing RNA, reading the antisense strand (3' to 5') & generating the mRNA (5' to 3').

Question 49

What carries the code in a gene?

Answer 49

Messenger RNA