NUCLEIC ACID INTRO

Question 1

_________ is composed of trillions of cells

Answer 1

Body

Question 2

Inside the human cell, these major macromolecules are
present

Answer 2

carbohydrates
○ lipids
○ proteins
○ nucleic acid (DNA and RNA

CLPN

Question 3

have a telomere, centromere, and chromatin

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

Portion of a Chromosome that controlled a specific inheritable trait
● Sequence of nucleotides within a portion of DNA that codes for a
peptide or a functional RNA

Answer 4

Gene

Question 5

Sum of all genes

Answer 5

GENOME

Question 6

Nucleic Acid Types

Answer 6

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
○ Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 7

Are polymers and polynucleotides
● One of the major macromolecule in the body responsible for
storing and expressing genetic information

Answer 7

Nucleic Acid

Question 8

Almost always double-stranded (helical structure)
● 2’-deoxyribose
● Stores genetic information, RNA, and protein coding information
● Transfers information to the daughter cells

Answer 8

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

Question 9

DNA Bases

Answer 9

: Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine

Question 10

Single-stranded
● Ribose
● Carries protein and coding information
● Helps in making protein
● Helps in how the information stored in DNA is used

Answer 10

RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)

Question 11

RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA) Bases

Answer 11

Bases: Uracil, Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine

Question 12

Single building block of nucleic acids

Answer 12

● Nucleotides

Question 13

are numbered from 1’ to 5’; clockwise

Answer 13

Carbons

Question 14

Sugar + base = ________

Answer 14

nucleotide

Question 15

the bond connecting the sugar and the base

Answer 15

-N-glycosidic acid

Question 16

Nucleoside + phosphate +

Answer 16

Nucleotide

Question 17

are the building blocks of nucleic acids

Answer 17

Nucleotides

Question 18

For each A on one chain, a T aligned opposite it on the other
chain G-C

Answer 18

Chargaff’s Rule

Question 19

codes for protein
- encodes for amino acid sequence
- each three mRNA bases form a codon where each codon
corresponds to a specific amino acid

Answer 19

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 20

forms the core of the ribosomes,
machinery for making proteins
- structurally support and catalyze protein synthesis

Answer 20

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 21

✓ Carry the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus directly to
the cytoplasm
✓ Consists of a chain of nucleotides whose sequence is exactly
complementary to one of the strands of DNA

Answer 21

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 22

✓ Contains 500-4500 bases

Answer 22

Messenger RNA (mRNA

Question 23

are also called as transcripts

Answer 23

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 24

✓Associates with proteins to form ribosome
✓It functions as a machine to attach amino acids and aid in forming
proteins

Answer 24

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 25

✓ RNA is complexed with proteins in ribosomes ✓

Answer 25

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 26

✓ Contains 100-3000 nucleotides

Answer 26

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 27

binds mRNA and tRNA → contains 1 rRNA

Answer 27

1 small

Question 28

- catalyzes the peptide bond formation → contains 3 rRNA

Answer 28

- 1 large

Question 29

✓ Containing from 73 to 93 nucleotides per chain ✓ There is at least one different tRNA for each of the 20 amino acids ✓ Transports amino acids to the site of protein synthesis in the ribosomes

Answer 29

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 30

some of its bases form weak chemical bonds with each other thus leading to folding of the tRNA into loops → one loop of

Answer 30

Transfer RNA (tRNA)clover leaf shape

Question 31

Coding sequences ✓ “expressed sequences”

Answer 31

Exons

Question 32

✓ Non coding sequences ✓ “intervening sequences” → they should be removed in the mRNA

Answer 32

Introns

Question 33

RNA chain is called a

Answer 33

transcript

Question 34

● 2 Steps in transmission of information

Answer 34

Transcription - Translation

Question 35

DNA acts as a ________ in the process of making proteins

Answer 35

“manager”

Question 36

DNA polymerase which we call as “ _______

Answer 36

“the builders”

Question 37

✓ Catalytic RNA ✓ Catalyze the splicing of mRNA

Answer 37

Ribozymes