Nucleic Acid Structure

Question 1

The type of RNA required to bring amino acids to site of protein synthesis?
A. Micro rna
B. mRNA
C. rRNA 
D. tRNA

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Nucleic acids are composed of ____ and _____________ backbone.

Answer 2

Bases and sugar phosphate backbone

Question 3

DNA is _____ stranded and carries information in cell and ______ generations.

Answer 3

Double. Between generations.

Question 4

DNA has a _________ helix structure.

Answer 4

Double
(-) phosphate backbone on outside.
Bases are stacked.

Question 5

Denaturation of DNA disrupts _______ bonding, produces _______ strands.

Answer 5

Hydrogen. Single strands.

• DNA strands only separate. RNA only degraded.
• imp for hybridization, will still have template strand.

Question 6

_______ and _________ conditions can denature DNA

Answer 6

Heat and highly basic conditions

Question 7

________ are important to chromatin structure.

Answer 7

Histones

Question 8

DNA in the nucleus is bound to ________

Answer 8

Histones

Question 9

Adenine and thymine are joined by ______ double bond. Guanine and cytosine are joined by ____ double bonds

Answer 9

1, 2

GC more stable. More h bonding.

Question 10

RNA replaces thymine with _____ and deoxyribose with ______

Answer 10

Uracil and ribose

Question 11

Retroviruses can copy RNA to DNA with _____________. Which violates the central dogma.

Answer 11

Reverse transcriptase enzyme.

RNA -> DNA within host

Question 12

_____ is important in the flow of information from DNA-> RNA -> protein.

Answer 12

tRNA

• has a cloverleaf shape.
• one loop has anticodon, complementary to Coding sequence for one amino acid in mRNA

Question 13

_____ are site of protein synthesis.

Answer 13

Ribosomes

Question 14

Not all of mRNA codes for ______. Only coding region is translated.

Answer 14

Protein

Question 15

The _____ loops of RNA are important for enzymes to bind to. It can fold back on itself.

Answer 15

Irregular

Question 16

RNA is generally ______ stranded.

Answer 16

Single

Question 17

_______ rna is the structural and functional components of ribosomes. Majority of rna in most cells.

Answer 17

RRna

Question 18

______ rna carries protein coding sequence. “What’s transcribed”

Answer 18

mRNA

Question 19

_____ rna matches amino acid with codon. “Translation”.

Answer 19

tRNA

Question 20

How RNA is different from DNA

Answer 20

• single stranded
• ribose sugar (instead of deoxyribose)
• U instead of T binds to A (difference is 1 methyl group)

Question 21

5- fluorouracil only works in proliferating cells
A. True
B. False

Answer 21

A

s phase

Question 22

5-fluorouracil stops ___________. Acts as a suicide inhibitor.

Answer 22

DNA synthesis.

Question 23

A lot of drugs like to imitate the base______

Answer 23

Thymine

Question 24

Nucleosomes are best described by which of the following?
A. Subunits of chromatin
B. DNA protein structures that contain histones in the core with DNA wrapped around the surface of the core.
C. Complexes of protein and the 45S rRNA precursors found in the nucleoli
D. Complexes of DNA and newly transcribed rna.
e. Single ribosomes attached to mRNA

Answer 24

B

Question 25

_____ binds to DNA between nucleosomes

Answer 25

H1 | * what makes it special. All but this one are found together in nucleosomes. "Beads" on the string

Question 26

_____ is DNA + various proteins

Answer 26

Chromatin "Beads on a string" (-) Supercoiled. DNA wrapped around

Question 27

_____ are highly basic proteins with a high percentage of lysine and arginine. (+) Interact with charge on _________ backbone.

Answer 27

Histones. Sugar phosphate.

Question 28

________ DNA is the most common helix

Answer 28

B. Right handed helix - turns clockwise. By Watson and crick

Question 29

Zidovudine is a _________ Analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor. (NRTI)

Answer 29

Nucleoside Structurally identical to thymidine. Once incorporated into DNA chain, halts DNA synthesis.

Question 30

DNA synthesis requires a free ________ OH group?

Answer 30

3'

Question 31

For DNA sequence 5'-ATCGATCGAT-3', what is the sequence and polarity of the complementary strand?

Answer 31

3'-ATCGATCGAT-5'

Question 32

______ pair denatures at lower temperature than G-C paid

Answer 32

A-T. Has less bonding so not as strong.

Question 33

DNA strands are __________ and synthesized from a _______ to _____ direction.

Answer 33

Antiparallel. | 5' to 3'

Question 34

The backbone of a DNA strand is composed of which of the following?

Answer 34

Phosphates and sugars

Question 35

Deoxyribose is a derivative of ______ and lacks a _____ group on C2

Answer 35

Ribose. -OH

Question 36

DNA nucleotides are composed of : 1. 2. 3.

Answer 36

Nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar, phosphate

Question 37

PURe As Gold

Answer 37

Purines. A and G | 2 rings

Question 38

CUT the Pie

Answer 38

Pyrimidines. C, u, T

Question 39

Nucleosides are ______ + _____

Answer 39

Base + sugar. N- glycosidic bond.

Question 40

Nucleotides are _______ + _________

Answer 40

Nucleoside + phosphate.