Nucleic Acids 1.5

Question 1

What type of mole use is a nuclei acid?

Answer 1

Polymer

Question 2

What is a nucleic acids monomer?

Answer 2

Nucleotide

Question 3

What is a molecule called if it contains many nucleotide?

Answer 3

Polynucleotide

Question 4

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Answer 4

One phosphate one pentose sugar and one organic base

Question 5

What bond holds the components of a nucleotide together?

Answer 5

Covalent bonds

Question 6

What are the two types of organic based?

Answer 6

Purines and pyrimidines.

Question 7

Which bases are pyrimidines?

Answer 7

Thymine and cytosine and uracil

Question 8

What is the structure of a purine?

Answer 8

One hexagon with two nitrogen’s

Question 9

What is the structure of a purine?

Answer 9

One pentagon with a hydrogen and one hexagon

Question 10

What organic bases are purines?

Answer 10

Adenine and guanine

Question 11

How do organic bases pair?

Answer 11

One purine to one pyrimidine

Question 12

What must be made or broken for chemical reactions to occur?

Answer 12

Chemical bonds

Question 13

What does heterotrophic mean?

Answer 13

Chemical energy is derived from food (like animals)

Question 14

What does autotrophic mean?

Answer 14

Chemical energy is made from light energy being converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

Question 15

What does atp stand for?

Answer 15

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 16

How does atp release energy?

Answer 16

It is broken down into adp and pi ( inorganic phosphate) so it is NOT an energy store.

Question 17

How is atp synthesised?

Answer 17

When energy is made available the mitochondria will produce atp. This is then broken down when needed (eg. Muscle contraction)

Question 18

What is the structure of atp?

Answer 18

• It is a nucleotide.
• One organic base which is ALWAYS adenine
• a pentose sugar (ribose)
• 3X negatively charged phosphate groups

Question 19

What happens when organisms need energy?

Answer 19

Atpase will hydrolyse the bond between the second and third phosphate in the atp to remove the third phosphate. This produces adp +pi

Question 20

What does adp stand for?

Answer 20

Adenosine diphosphate

Question 21

Which enzyme hydrolysed ATP?

Answer 21

ATPase

Question 22

What is an exergonic reaction? Give and example

Answer 22

One that releases energy by breaking bonds. Eg. Hydrolysis if atp

Question 23

What reaction makes adp + Pi into atp?

Answer 23

Condensation (removal of water)

Question 24

What is the reversible reaction of atp and adp?

Answer 24

Atp+h2o => (hydrolysis) adp +Pi (+energy)

Vise Versa is condensation so the reaction is reversible.

Question 25

What is and endergonic reaction?

Answer 25

Any reaction which requires and energy input.

Question 26

What energy is released when atpase breaks the bonds in atp?

Answer 26

Free energy is released.

Question 27

What is the function of ATP?

Answer 27

It transfers free energy from energy rich compounds like glucose to be used for cellular work.

Question 28

How can ATP transfer of energy be inefficient?

Answer 28

Some energy is always lost through heat.

Question 29

Where is energy in atp stored?

Answer 29

It’s chemical bonds.

Question 30

How do cells use energy from atp?

Answer 30

- metabolic processes (dna synthesis) - active transport - muscle contraction - nerve transmission - secretion

Question 31

How much energy is stored in ATP?

Answer 31

31kj

Question 32

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 32

Polymers composed of nucleotides