Nucleic Acids Flashcards
(20 cards)
Dictate amino-acid sequence in
proteins
Give information to chromosomes,
which is then passed from parent to
offspring
DNA
molecules that store information for cellular growth and reproduction
Nucleic acids
two types of nucleic acids:
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
polymers consisting of long chains of monomers
nucleotides
A nucleotide consists of
nitrogenous base,
pentose sugar
phosphate group:
Processes in the transfer of genetic information:
Replication
Transcription
Translation
identical copies of DNA are made
Replication
genetic messages are read and carried out of the cell nucleus to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs.
Transcription
genetic messages are decoded to make
proteins.
Translation
The pentose sugar is Ribose (has a
hydroxyl group in the 2nd carbon—OH)
Ribonucleic acids (RNA)
The pentose sugar is Deoxyribose
(has just an hydrogen in the same
place— H)
Deoxy = “minus oxygen”
Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA)
dependent on only 4
different nucleotides
DNA
the ribose sugar found in RNA molecules.
β-d-Ribose
the ribose sugar found in DNA molecules.
β-d-2-Deoxyribose
A nucleotide WITHOUT a phosphate group is a
NUCLEOSIDE
four nucleotides, or bases, in DNA
adenine (A),
cytosine (C),
guanine (G), and
thymine (T)
RNA consists of four nitrogenous bases:
adenine,
cytosine,
uracil, and
guanine
Nucleotide
Nitrogeneous base
Pentose
Phosphate
Nucleoside
Nitrogeneous base
Pentose
Nucleotides have 3 parts:
1- 5-Carbon sugar (pentose)
2- Nitrogen containing base
(made of C, H, and N)
3- A phosphate group ( P )
