Nucleic Acids

Question 1

is an UNBRANCHED POLYMER containing monomer units called nucleotides

Answer 1

Nucleic Acid

Question 2

is a THREE-SUBUNIT molecule in which a pentose sugar is bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic base

Answer 2

Nucleotide

Question 3

types of Purine

Answer 3

Adenine & Guanine

Question 4

Types of Pyrimidine

Answer 4

Thymine, Cytosine & Uracil

Question 5

Is a TWO-subunit molecule in which a pentose sugar is bonded to a nitrogen containing heterocyclic base

Answer 5

Nucleoside

Question 6

Is a nucleotide POLYMER in which each of the monomers contains ribose, a phosphate group, and one of the heterocyclic bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, & URACIL

Answer 6

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 7

Is a nucleotide POLYMER in which each of the monomers contains ribose, a phosphate group, and one of the heterocyclic bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, & THYMINE

Answer 7

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 8

is the sequence in which nucleotides are linked together in a nucleic acid

Answer 8

Primary nucleic acid structure

Question 9

Are pairs of BASE in a nucleic acid structure that hydrogen-bond to each other

Answer 9

Complimentary bases

Question 10

Are STRANDS of DNA in double helix with base pairing such that each base is located opposite its complimentary base

Answer 10

Complimentary DNA strands

Question 11

Is the biochemical process by which DNA molecules produce exact duplicates of themselves

Answer 11

DNA replication

Question 12

is RNA formed directly by DNA transcription

Answer 12

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

Question 13

Is RNA that CARRIES INSTRUCTIONS for protein synthesis

Answer 13

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 14

Is RNA that FACILITATES THE CONVERTION of heterogeneous nuclear RNA to messenger RNA

Answer 14

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Question 15

Is RNA that COMBINES WITH SPECIFIC PROTEINS to form RIBOSOMES, physical sites for protein synthesis

Answer 15

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 16

IS RNA that DELIVERS AMINO ACIDS to the sites for protein synthesis

Answer 16

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 17

Is a structure that consist if an INDIVIDUAL DNA molecule bound to a group of proteins

Answer 17

Chromosome

Question 18

two kinds of nucleic acids

Answer 18

DNA & RNA

Question 19

metho for rapidly producing many COPIES of a DNA sequence

Answer 19

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 20

Is the PROCESSby which DNA DIRECTS the synthesis of hnRNA|mRNA| molecules that carry the coded information needed for protein synthesis

Answer 20

Transcription

Question 21

Is ALL of the genetic material (the total DNA ) contained in the chromosomes of an organism

Answer 21

Genome

Question 22

Is a GENE SEGMENT that CONVEYS information

Answer 22

Exon

Question 23

Is a GENE SEGEMENT that DOES NOT CONVEY genetic information

Answer 23

Intron

Question 24

Is process of REMOVING introns from hnRNA molecule and JOINING remaining exons together to form an MRNA molecule

Answer 24

Spilicing

Question 25

is a COMPLEX formed from an snRNA molecule and several proteins

Answer 25

Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein

Question 26

is a LARGE ASSEMBLY of snRNA molecules and proteins involved in the converstion of hnRNA molecules to mRNA molecules

Answer 26

Spliceosome

Question 27

is a process by which SEVERAL DIFFERENT PROTEINS that are variations of a basic structural motif can be produced from a single gene

Answer 27

Alternative splicing

Question 28

is the assignment of the 64 mRNA codons to specific amino acids

Answer 28

Genetic code

Question 29

is the process by which mRNA codons are DECIPHERED and a particular protein molecule is synthesize

Answer 29

Translation

Question 30

is an rRNA-protein complex that serves as a SITE FOR THE TRANSLATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Answer 30

Ribosome

Question 31

is PART OF TRANSLATION in which a ribosome moves down an mRNA molecule three base positions (one codon) so that a new codon occupy the ribosomal A site

Answer 31

Translocation

Question 32

is an error in BASE SEQUENCE in a gene that is reproduced during DNA replication

Answer 32

Mutation

Question 33

is a mutation in which ONE BASE in a DNA base sequence is replaced with another base

Answer 33

Point mutation

Question 34

is a mutation that INSERTS OR DELETES A BASE in a DNA molecule base sequence

Answer 34

Frameshift mutation

Question 35

is a SUBSTANCE OR AGENT that causes a change in the structure of a gene

Answer 35

mutagen

Question 36

is a small particles that contains DNA or RNA (but not both) surrounded by a coat of protein that CANNOT REPRODUCE WITHOUT A HOST CELL

Answer 36

Virus

Question 37

Is a preparation containing a INACTIVE or WEAKENED FORM OF A VIRUS OR BACTERIUM

Answer 37

Vaccine

Question 38

is the process whereby an organism is INTENTIONALLY CHANGED at the molecular level so that it exhibits a different trait

Answer 38

Genetic engineering

Question 39

is DNA that contains genetic material from TWO ORGANISMS

Answer 39

Recombinant DNA

Question 40

is the process of INCORPORATING RECOMBINANT DNA **INTO A HOST CELL**

Answer 40

Transformation