Nucleic acids 2.3

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 2

Ribonucleic acid

Question 3

What does DNA consist of?

Answer 3

• deoxyribose sugar
• phosphate
• bases

Question 4

How many rings does a purine have?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

How many rings does a pyrimidine have?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

Which bases are purines?

Answer 6

Adenine and guamine

Question 7

Which bases are pyrimidines?

Answer 7

Cytosine, thymine and uracil

Question 8

What elements does nucleic acid contain?

Answer 8

P, C, H, O, N

Question 9

How many hydrogen bonds form between A and T?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

How many hydrogen bonds form between C and G?

Answer 10

3

Question 11

In what directions do the 2 strands of DNA run in comparison with eachother?

Answer 11

Antiparallel

Question 12

What shape does DNA form?

Answer 12

Double helix

Question 13

What is all the DNA within a cell called?

Answer 13

Genome

Question 14

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 14

• molecule consisting of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
• the monomer from which nucleic acids are made

Question 15

What does ATP consist of?

Answer 15

Adenine, ribose and 3 phosphate groups

Question 16

What does ADP consist of?

Answer 16

Adenine, ribose, 2 phosphate groups

Question 17

What does the enzyme gyrase do?

Answer 17

Unwinds the DNAs double helix

Question 18

What does the enzyme helicase do?

Answer 18

Unzips the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases

Question 19

What does the enzyme DNA polymerase do?

Answer 19

catalyses the reaction between the phosphate and the sugar to join them together and form phosphodiester bonds

Question 20

What does the enzyme ligase do?

Answer 20

Joins together the strands of the lagging strand

Question 21

In what direction does DNA polymerase add the complimentary bases?

Answer 21

In a 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 22

What does semi conservative mean?

Answer 22

1 old copy and 1 new copy

Question 23

What does conservative mean?

Answer 23

2 new copies and 2 old copies

Question 24

What does dispersive mean?

Answer 24

Mixture of both copies

Question 25

What is mRNA?

Answer 25

Messanger RNA

Question 26

What is tRNA?

Answer 26

Transfer RNA

Question 27

What is rRNA?

Answer 27

Ribosomal RNA

Question 28

What is RNA?

Answer 28

Single strand of DNA containing uracil

Question 29

What does mRNA do?

Answer 29

Transcribes DNA code

Question 30

What does rRNA do?

Answer 30

Primary component of the ribosome

Question 31

What does tRNA do?

Answer 31

Caries amino acids to a proper position during translation

Question 32

What is a codon?

Answer 32

A triplet of bases

Question 33

What binds to the codons?

Answer 33

The anticodon loop

Question 34

What does universal mean?

Answer 34

The same codons code for the same amino acids in all organelles

Question 35

What does degenerate mean?

Answer 35

Some amino acids can be coded for by multiple different codons

Question 36

What does non overlapping mean?

Answer 36

Each base is only part of one codon and that each codon is read one at a time in order

Question 37

What happens during transcription?

Answer 37

- gyrase unwinds DNA - helicase unzips DNA - RNA polymerase adds complimentary base pairings creating a copy strand from the template strand in a 5' to 3' direction - mRNA passes out the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome

Question 38

What happens during translation?

Answer 38

- tRNA molecule finds the place where the anti codon loop forms temporary H bonds with the complimentary RNA codon - tRNA the leaves, leaving behind an amino acid - ribosome moves along the RNA allowing adjacent amino acids to for peptide bonds - ATP is needed for protein synthesis

Question 39

What is a gene?

Answer 39

A section of DNA that codes for a protein