Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Building Blocks of DNA and RNA

Answer 1

5C sugar
Nitrogenous Base
Phosphate Group

Question 2

C 1

Answer 2

glycosidic bond to base

Question 3

C 2

Answer 3

Hydroxyl group in RNA

no O in DNA

Question 4

C 3

Answer 4

Hydroxyl group in DNA and RNA

joins to C5 thru phosphodiester bonds

Question 5

C 5

Answer 5

linked to phosphate group

joins C3 thru phosphodiester bonds

Question 6

AT H-bonds

Answer 6

2

Question 7

GC H-bonds

Answer 7

3

Question 8

DNA Backbone

Answer 8

Hydrophilic sugar phosphate backbone

negative charge

Question 9

High GC content

Answer 9

High Tm

Question 10

High AT content

Answer 10

Low Tm

Question 11

DNA Gyrase

Answer 11

Converts cyclic DNA to supercoiled form

Question 12

DNA Topoisomerase II

Answer 12

Converts supercoiled DNA to cyclic DNA

inhibited by quinolones

Question 13

Histones

Answer 13

rich in lysine and arginine (+ aa)

bind strongly to DNA

Question 14

Eukaryotic mRNA

Answer 14

5’ end has m7G- cap

3’ end has poly A tail

Question 15

Eukaryotic rRNA sizes

Answer 15

40S, 60S, 80S

Question 16

Prokaryotic rRNA sizes

Answer 16

30S, 50S, 70S

Question 17

tRNA

Answer 17

Covalently linked to specific aa

CCA-3’ terminus- aa attachment site

Question 18

tRNA Anticodon Loop

Answer 18

determines aa specifically by base pairing with mRNA during translation

Question 19

hnRNA

Answer 19

heterogenous nuclear RNA

represents mRNA in various stages of processing in nucleus of eukaryotes

Question 20

snRNA

Answer 20

small nuclear RNA
only in nucleus of eukaryotes
combine with proteins to make snRNPs

Question 21

snRNPs

Answer 21

used for splicing hnRNA to form mRNA

Question 22

Ribozymes

Answer 22

RNAs that act as enzymes