Nucleic Acids

Question 1

How many kinds of nucleic acid are there?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

What are the two types of nucleic acid?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acid

Question 3

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 4

What dies RNA stand for?

Answer 4

Ribonucleic acid

Question 5

What are the four bases of DNA?

Answer 5

Guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine

Question 6

Which bases are complementary in DNA?

Answer 6

Cytosine and guanine, thymine and adenine

Question 7

What makes up a nucleotide?

Answer 7

Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen contains base

Question 8

What are the four bases of RNA?

Answer 8

Guanine, cytosine, adenine, uracil

Question 9

Which are the complementary bases in RNA?

Answer 9

Guanine and cytosine, adenine and uracil

Question 10

How does RNA differ from DNA?

Answer 10

It is an unpaired chain of nucleotides

Question 11

What are the three forms of RNA?

Answer 11

Messenger, ribosomal, transfer RNA

Question 12

What does mRNA stand for?

Answer 12

Messenger RNA

Question 13

What does tRNA stand for?

Answer 13

Transfer RNA

Question 14

What does rRNA stand for?

Answer 14

Ribosomal RNA

Question 15

What does mRNA do?

Answer 15

Carries the genetic message to the ribosomes where the message is translated into a particular protein

Question 16

What does tRNA do?

Answer 16

Molecule that carries amino acids to ribosomes where they are used to construct proteins

Question 17

What does rRNA do?

Answer 17

Together with particular proteins makes the ribosomes found in the cytosol

Question 18

What kind of sugar is in DNA?

Answer 18

Deoxyribose

Question 19

What kind of sugar is in RNA?

Answer 19

Ribose

Question 20

A sequence of DNA contains what percentage of adenine?

Answer 20

15%

Question 21

A sequence of DNA contains what percentage of thymine?

Answer 21

15%

Question 22

A sequence of DNA contains what percentage of cytosine?

Answer 22

35%

Question 23

A sequence of DNA contains what percentage of guanine?

Answer 23

35%

Question 24

What proportion of the molecule contains cytosine and guanine complementary pairs?

Answer 24

70%

Question 25

The main difference between gene expression in eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that?

Answer 25

Eukaryotes splice out introns whereas prokaryotes don’t

Question 26

Why is gene expression regulated?

Answer 26

- to conserve energy and cellular response | - genes are only switched on when required

Question 27

What does Pre mRNA consist of?

Answer 27

Exons and introns

Question 28

Which out of exons and introns are cut out as junk DNA?

Answer 28

Introns

Question 29

How many bonds are there between cytosine and guanine?

Answer 29

3

Question 30

How many binds are there between adenine and thymine?

Answer 30

2

Question 31

What is the function of mRNA?

Answer 31

carry information from the nucleus to the ribosome

Question 32

The function of transfer RNA in the cell is to?

Answer 32

carry specific amino acids to the ribosome

Question 33

A DNA triplet codes for?

Answer 33

a specific amino acid to be inserted into a polypeptide

Question 34

The first step of gene expression is?

Answer 34

Translation of DNA

Question 35

The three dimensional shape of a protein can be seen in what structure?

Answer 35

Tertiary

Question 36

How are proteins transported through the cell?

Answer 36

Endoplasmic recticulm

Question 37

What are examples of a structural gene?

Answer 37

collagen, keratin, fingernails

Question 38

What is an example of a transport protein?

Answer 38

haemoglobin, protein carrier

Question 39

What is an example of a regulatory gene?

Answer 39

hormone, enzyme, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Question 40

Is the synthesis of carbohydrates possible by the rough or smooth ER?

Answer 40

No

Question 41

During translation mRNA is read in what direction by the ribosome?

Answer 41

5-3

Question 42

What can alternative splicing explain?

Answer 42

How the expression of a single gene can lead to the production of different proteins

Question 43

What does anti parallel mean when referring to DNA?

Answer 43

The strands are anti parallel as they have the same chemical structure but run in opposite directions. One runs 3 to 5 the other 5 to 3

Question 44

What are three places DNA could be found in a plant cell?

Answer 44

Nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria

Question 45

What happens during translation?

Answer 45

- dna unwinds and separates - rna polymerase moves along and reads template strand - complementary rna bases are added - the final product is pre mRNA

Question 46

What is the final product of translation?

Answer 46

Pre mRNA

Question 47

What is the structure of a primary protein?

Answer 47

Sequence of amino acids

Question 48

What is the structure of a secondary protein?

Answer 48

The coiled or pleated structure within the chain (alpha helix and beta pleated sheets)

Question 49

What is the structure of a tertiary protein?

Answer 49

The overall 3D structure composed of secondary structures

Question 50

What is the structure of a quaternary protein?

Answer 50

Two or more polypeptide chains joined together

Question 51

What is gene regulation?

Answer 51

Genes are only transcribed and expressed when required which can save energy

Question 52

Which bases are pyrimidines?

Answer 52

Cytosine, uracil and thymine (CUT)

Question 53

Which bases are purines?

Answer 53

Guanine and adenine

Question 54

How many rings are there in a purine base?

Answer 54

Two

Question 55

How many rings are there in a pyrimidine base?

Answer 55

1

Question 56

What is a nucleoside?

Answer 56

Only contains the sugar and base of a nucleotide not the phosphate

Question 57

What binds to a silencer?

Answer 57

A repressor

Question 58

What binds to an enhancer?

Answer 58

An activator

Question 59

The enzyme needed to produce cDNA from an mRNA transcript is?

Answer 59

Reverse transcriptase

Question 60

What does cDNA stand for?

Answer 60

Complementary DNA