Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis Flashcards
(24 cards)
Where are the enzymes and amino acid building blocks for protein production
Cytosol
How does RNA differ from DNA
The sugar molecule for every ran nucleotide is ribose and thymine is rarely a part of RNA molecules. It is instead uracil
What are the 3 types of RNA
Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA
What is transcription
The process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA
RNA polymerase
The primary transcription enzyme that synthesizes RNA copies of specific sequences of DNA
What are the steps of transcription
The polymerase splits the DNS double helix, mRNA joins with the DNS nucleotide strand, when strand is done it goes through the nucleus and travels to the ribosome
Protein synthesis
The production of proteins
What are proteins
Polymers
What are proteins made up of
One or more polypeptides each of which consist of a specific sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
How many different amino acids make up proteins
20
Codon
Each combination of three mRNA nucleotides
What does each codon code for
A specific amino acid
What is a genetic code mostly used for
To translate mRNA transcripts into proteins
Start codon
(AUG) engages a ribosome to start translating an mRNA molecule
What is translation
The process of assembling polypeptides from information coded in mRNA
When does translation begin
When mRNA leaves the nucleus through pores in the nuclear membrane. It then migrates to a ribosome in the cytosol
What are ribosomes composed of
rRNA and proteins
What are the three binding sites of a ribosome
One binding site holds on mRNA transcripts so that its codons are accessible to rRNA molecules. The other two binding sites hold tRNAs who’s anticodons pair with the mRNA codons
When does the assembly of a polypeptide begin
When a ribosome attaches to the start codon on an mRNA transcript
Where are the genes directing protein production
The nucleus
Describe messenger RNA
Carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol. Consists of RNA nucleotides in the form of a single uncoiled chain
Describe transfer RNA
Consists of a single chain of about 80 RNA nucleotides. They carry amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome
Describe ribosomal RNA
The most abundant form of RNA. Makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made
What helps the regulation of proteins
The transcription factors. Some examples being an enhancer, a promoter, or hormones. If your pituitary gland is broken then it could send out to many hormones or not enough. This could cause you to be very short or very tall
