Nucleotides

Question 1

nucleotides vs nucleoside

Answer 1

nucleotides include 1 or more phosphates

Question 2

purines

Answer 2

adenine, guanine. hypoxanthine

Question 3

pyrimidine

Answer 3

cytosine thymine and uracil

Question 4

what are the functions of nucletides

Answer 4

active precursors of DNA
NAD, FAD, and CoASH have a nucleotide part
ATP and GTP are important energy molecules
the high energy donors contain nucleotides (UDP glucose)
cAMP in signal transduction is a cyclic nucleotide
many enzymes are controlled by cell’s level of adenosine nucleotides

Question 5

What amino acids are required for purine synthesis

Answer 5

glycine, glutamine, aspartante

Question 6

phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate PRPP

Answer 6

catalyzes rxn that includes ribose 5 phosphate + ATP to add on another phosphate

Question 7

what is donated with PRPP and PPi goes out?

Answer 7

ribose 5 phosphate

Question 8

what kind of atom is donated with glutamine goes in a glutamate comes out?

Answer 8

nitrogen

Question 9

what atom is donated with formyl tetrahydroflate goes in and tetrahydroflate comes out?

Answer 9

a carbon

Question 10

what kind of atom is donated with aspartate goes in a a fumarate comes out?

Answer 10

a nitrogen

Question 11

what is IMP

Answer 11

inosine monophosphate

Question 12

inosine is …

Answer 12

hypoxanthine attached to a ribose

Question 13

what are the precursors that donate components for the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides

Answer 13

asparate and glutamine

Question 14

PRPP is required in purine or pyrimidine synthesis?

Answer 14

pyrimidine

Question 15

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 2 (CSP 2)

Answer 15

involved in urea cycle its in the cytosol

Question 16

what must orotate react with in order to form a pyrimidine nucleotide?

Answer 16

PRPP

Question 17

how does uracil turn into cytosine

Answer 17

gains a nitrogen from glutamine

Question 18

thymidylate synthetase -

Answer 18

Thymidylate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate to deoxythymidine monophosphate.

Question 19

serine hydroxymethyl transferase

Answer 19

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase is a pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzyme which plays an important role in cellular one-carbon pathways by catalyzing the reversible, simultaneous conversions of L-serine to glycine and tetrahydrofolate to 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate.

Question 20

dihydrofolate reductase

Answer 20

Dihydrofolate reductase, or DHFR, is an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, using NADPH as electron donor, which can be converted to the kinds of tetrahydrofolate cofactors used in 1-carbon transfer chemistry.