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Biochemistry > Nucleotides > Flashcards

Nucleotides Flashcards

1
Q

Formed of

A

Nucleoside+phosphate
N base+ pentose+ phosphate
(Pyrimidine/purine)
(D ribose/ deoxy ribose)

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2
Q

Major pyrimidine

A

Cytosine(2 oxy 4 amino pyrimidine)
DNA +RNA
Uracil(2,4 dioxy pyrimidine)
RNA
Thymine (5methyl uracil)
DNA + minor in tRNa

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3
Q

Mino pyrimidine

A

Dihydrouracil(tRNA)
5methyl cytosine(human and bacterial DNA regulation)
5hydroxylmethyl cytosine(viral DNA)

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4
Q

Purine ring structure

A

Pyrimidine+ imizadole ring

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5
Q

Major purines

A

Adenine(6 aminopurine)
Guanine(2 amino 6 oxypurine)
DNA &RNA

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6
Q

Minor purines(human RNA)

A

7 methyl guanine
N6 methyladenine
N6N6 methyl adenine
mRna as minor base

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7
Q

Oxypurines

A

Hypoxanthine>6 oxypurine(catabolism of adenine) (mino tRNA components)
Xanthine>2,6dioxy purine(catabolism of guanine)
Uric acid>2,6,8 trioxy purine(final product)
Present in free form or in nucleotide
Rarely in nucleic acid

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8
Q

Transformation enzyme

A

Xanthine oxidase enzyme

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9
Q

Gout

A

Normally 3-7 mg/dl
Hyperuricemia
Medicine is allopurinol that inhibits xanthine oxidase enzyme

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10
Q

Methylated purines of dietary origin
Diuretics

A

Caffeine (coffee)(1,3,7 trimethyl xanthine)
Theophylline(tea)(1,3 dimethyl xanthine)
Theobromine (cocoa) (3,7 dimethyl xanthine)
CNS stimulators
Smooth muscle relaxants

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11
Q

Why methylated purines are contraindicated with gout

A

As their catabolism does not produce uric acid which is a major characteristic in gout patients

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12
Q

Pentoses

A

DNA (deoxyribose)
RNA(ribose)
Furanose ring in beta form

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13
Q

Naming of nucleosides
Naming of nucleotides

A

Adenine>adenosine>adenosine monophosphate

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14
Q

The linkage

A

N-base + sugar> N glycosidic bond
Sugar+ phosphate> ester bond

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15
Q

Sugar with base with c? With n?

A

C1’
N1 pyrimidine
N9 purine

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16
Q

Sugar with phosphate

A

C5’
Alcohol+ acid (phosphatidic acid)

17
Q

Naming table
Adenine
Guanine
Xanthine
Hypoxanthine
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

A

Adenosine>adenosine monophosphate
Guanosine>guanosine monophosphate
Xanthosine>xanthosine monophosphate
Inosine>inosine monophosphate
Cytidine>cytidine monophosphate
Uradine>uradine monophosphate
Thymidine>thymidine monophosphate
Or acid

18
Q

List the nucleotides containing adenosine

A

AMP
ADP
ATP
cAMP>cyclic 3’ 5’ adenosine monophosphate
PAPS> 3’phosphoadenosine-5’ phosphosulfate

19
Q

Nucleosides with adenosine

A

SAM
S-adenosyl methionine

20
Q

The nucleotide with adenine that is a second hormone messenger
Formed by…

A

cAMP
Adenyl cyclase action on ATP

21
Q

Methyl donor
Sulfur donor

A

SAM >ATP (adenosine)+ methionine
PAPS

22
Q

Knowing the pyrimidines

A

=O&raquo_space;>
Uracil
CH3, thymine
No double bonds, dihydrouracil

No O on top»
Cytosine
CH3, 5methyl cytosine
OH, 5hydroxymethyl cytosine

23
Q

Adenine nucleotides

A

AMP/ADP/ATP/cAMP
ATP(adenosine donor)>cAMp/SAM(methyl donor)/PAPs(sulfur donor)

24
Q

Co enzymes with adenine

A

Hydrogen carriers> NAD/NADP(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
FMN/FAD(flavin adenine dinucleotide)

Acyl carrier>coenzyme A, carries acyl group on thiol group

25
Q

Coenzyme without adenine

A

FMN
flavin mononucletide

26
Q

Riboflavin is

A

Vitamin B2

27
Q

Guanine nucleotides

A

GMP/GDP/GTP
GTP>cGMP by guanylyl cyclase enzyme

28
Q

cGMP

A

3nd hormone messenger
May be antagonistic to cAMP
Vasodilation by activating guanylyl cyclase
Used for sildenafil(vigera) for men

29
Q

Cytosine nucleotides

A

Cytidine phosphate carries
Ethanolamine/choline/diacylglycerol
Used for phospholipid synthesis

30
Q

Uracil nucleotides

A

UDP carries
Glucose(glycogen/glycoproteins)
Galactose(lactose)
Glucuronic acid(GAGs/steroids/bile pigmentation/drugs/ increased solubility/help in excretion)

Biochemistry (12 decks)

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