Nucleotides

Question 1

what is DNA

Answer 1

a type of nucleotide

Question 2

what does DNA stand for

Answer 2

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

what are the 3 parts to a nucleotide

Answer 3

a 5 carbon sugar

a phosphate group

1 of 4 nitrogenous bases

Question 4

what are the 4 different types of nitrogenous base (DNA)

Answer 4

adenine

thymine

cytosine

guanine

Question 5

what other nitrogenous base does adenine bind to

Answer 5

thymine

Question 6

what other nitrogenous base does cytosine bind to

Answer 6

guanine

Question 7

what shape is DNA

Answer 7

double helix

Question 8

what is the double helix supported by

Answer 8

sugar phosphate backbone

Question 9

which way does the normal strand go

Answer 9

5 prime to 3 prime

Question 10

which way does the antiparralel strand go

Answer 10

3 prime to 5 prime which is why it is upside down

Question 11

adenine to thymine has how many hydrogen bonds

Answer 11

2

Question 12

cytosine to guanine has how many hydrogen bonds

Answer 12

3

Question 13

what is the antiparrallel strand if the regular strand is AGGCTG

Answer 13

TCCGAC

Question 14

How is RNA similar to DNA

Answer 14

They both have a sugar phosphate backbone

They both have nitrogenous bases attached to a 5 carbon sugar.

Question 15

How is RNA different to DNA

Answer 15

RNA is a single stranded molecule, whereas DNA is a two stranded molecule

RNA contains ribose as its 5 carbon sugar whereas DNA contains Deoxyribose as its 5 carbon sugar

Question 16

How is ribose different to deoxyribose?

Answer 16

Ribose has 1 more oxygen.

Question 17

How are the nitrogenous base pairs in RNA different to DNA

Answer 17

in RNA there is no thymine so it is replaced by URACIL hence the reason why adenine bonds to uracil

Question 18

what is the job of DNA helicase

Answer 18

it unwinds and unzips the double helix in DNA

Question 19

what way does the non antiparralel strand go

Answer 19

5 prime to 3 prime

Question 20

so the anti parralel strand will go to

Answer 20

3 prime to 5 prime

Question 21

what is the role of DNA polymerase

Question 22

What are nucleic acids

Answer 22

polymers made up of monomers which are called nucleotides

Question 23

what are the two groups of organic bases

Answer 23

pyrimidine bases

purine bases

Question 24

what nitrogenous bases are contained within the pyrimidine

Answer 24

thymine cytosine and uracil

Question 25

what nitrogenous bases are contained within the purine bases

Answer 25

adenine and guanine

Question 26

how many rings does pyrimidine skeleton have

Answer 26

1

Question 27

how many rings does the purine skeleton have

Answer 27

2

Question 28

why is ATP described as the universal energy currency

Answer 28

because it is involved in energy changes in all living organisms

Question 30

what is the structure of ATP

Answer 30

Adenine + ribose + 3 phosphate group ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- if it is asking for explain then Adenine + ribose give you Adenosine 3 phosphates give you the tri phosphate hence Adenosine tri phosphate

Question 31

what is produced when ATP is hydrolysed

Answer 31

ADP inorganic phosphate represented by P_i Triangle H shows a negative heat change showing energy is released

Question 32

What is the process called when you add a phosphate to ADP

Answer 32

phosphorylation

Question 33

what are the roles of ATP

Answer 33

metabolic processes active transport movement for muscle contraction nerve transmission sodium potassium pumps actively transport sodium and potassium ions across the axon membrane secreation the packaging and transport of secretory products into vesicles

Question 34

why is DNA suited to its function

Answer 34

very stable molecule and its information content passes essentially unchanged large molecule and carries a large ammount of genetic information the two strands are able to separate as they are held together by hyrdrogen bonds base pairs are on the inside of double helix within the deoxyribose phosphate backbones so the genetic information is protected

Question 35

What are the 3 types of RNA

Answer 35

messenger RNA ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA

Question 36

what is the structure of mRNA

Answer 36

single strand long synthesised in the nucleus

Question 37

what is the role of MRNA

Answer 37

carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 38

what determins the length of a MRNA

Answer 38

related to gene from which they are synthesised

Question 40

Where is rRNA found

Answer 40

cytoplasm

Question 41

what is a ribosome made up of

Answer 41

rRNA and proteins

Question 42

what are ribosomes the site of

Answer 42

translation of the genetic code into protein

Question 43

how does tRNA form base pairs with itself

Answer 43

folds

Question 44

what is the general shape of tRNA described as?

Answer 44

3 leaf clover

Question 45

the 3 prime end has the base sequence of what

Answer 45

CCA

Question 46

tRNA also carries a sequence of three bases which is known as

Answer 46

Anticodon

Question 47

what is the role of the tRNA

Answer 47

Molecules of tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosomes in proteins synthesis

Question 48

what does conservative replication mean

Answer 48

where the parrent double helix remains intact and a whole new double helix is made

Question 49

what does semi conservative mean

Answer 49

in which th eparental double helix separeates into two strands each of which acts as a temple for synthesis of a new strand

Question 51

what does dispesive replication stand for

Answer 51

which the two new double helices contain fragment from both stands of the double helix

Question 52

describe the meselson stahl experiment

Answer 52