Nucleotides And Nucelic Acids

Question 1

What are nucleotides

Answer 1

They form the polymers of nucleic acids= RNA and DNA

Question 2

What are the monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 2

Nucleotides

Question 3

What are the two types of nucleic acids

Answer 3

DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA(ribonucleic acid)

Question 4

Draw a nucleotide

Question 5

What’s the purpose of nucleic acids

Answer 5

Their purpose is to store and transfer genetic information for protein synthesis

Question 6

Nucleotides: Which carbon of the sugar is the nitrogenous base linked to?

Answer 6

Carbon 1

Question 7

Nucleotides: Which two possible carbons of the sugar can the phosphate group link to?

Answer 7

Carbon 3 or 5

Question 8

Do DNA and RNA have the same sugar in the nucleotides that make them up

Answer 8

No , DNA has deoxyribose and RNA has ribose

Question 9

How are phosphorylated nucleotides formed

Answer 9

They form when nucleotides contain more than one phosphate group

Question 10

Give two examples of phosphorylated nucleotides

Answer 10

ADP(adenosine diphosphate) and ATP(adenosine triphosphate).

Question 11

What is ATP

Answer 11

an energy rich end product of boost energy releasing biochemical pathways , its used to drive most energy requiring metabolic processes in cells

Question 12

What role do nucleotides play in coenzymes

Answer 12

components of many coenzymes

Question 13

Why is DNA not a nucleotide but ATP is a nucleotide

Answer 13

DNA is a polymer of many nucleotides, ATP is a single nucleotide.

Question 14

Draw a phosphodiester bond and name the number of the carbons they link to.

Question 15

What’s the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside

Answer 15

A nucleotide has a nitrogenous base, sugar, and phosphate; a nucleoside has only a base and sugar.

Question 16

How many possible nitrogenous bases are there and name them

Answer 16

Five: Uracil, Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine

Question 17

What are the complementary base pairs and how many H bonds are between them

Answer 17

A+T, two H bonds
G+C, three H bonds
U+A, two H bonds between.
Uracil is only present in RNA and
Thymine isn’t present in RNA

Question 18

Are all polymers macromolecules?

Answer 18

all polymers are macromolecules, but not all macromolecules are polymers.??

Question 19

What’s the difference between DNA and the genome

Answer 19

DNA is the molecule that carries genetic instructions, while the genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism, including all genes and non-coding regions.

Question 20

How is DNA packaged in prokaryotic cells ?

Answer 20

DNA is in a loop in the cytoplasm not enclose in a nucleus , It is not wound around histone proteins, and is described as “naked”

Question 21

How is DNA packaged in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 21

DNA is packaged into linear chromosomes, wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, organized as chromatin(in dividing cells chromatin condenses into chromosomes but this case is a non dividing cell so it’s chromatin) and contained within a nucleus

Question 22

How is DNA packaged in the mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Answer 22

As a loop of DNA without histone proteins

Question 23

What is each chromosome equal to

Answer 23

One molecule of DNA

Question 24

What is the function of chromatin

Answer 24

It is the substance from which chromosomes are made

Question 25

Do prokaryotic cells have histones and chromosomes

Answer 25

Noooooooo

Question 26

What's the mnemonic to remember the pyrimidine bases?

Answer 26

CUT THE PY, 'THE" is singular so its single ring.

Question 27

How do you remember purine bases

Answer 27

Process of elimination from the mnemonic for pyrimidine

Question 28

Draw AMP,ADP and ATP

Question 29

Structure of DNA:what is it classed as

Answer 29

A polymer /polynucleotide / macromolecule that is made of many monomer units called nucleotides

Question 30

Structure of DNA: How many polynucleotide strands is one molecule of DNA made of

Answer 30

2

Question 31

Structure of DNA: What nitrogenous bases are present in DNA

Answer 31

adenine guanine thymine and cytosine

Question 32

Draw the condensation reaction that forms a nucleotide

Question 33

Can a purine pair with a purine base

Answer 33

No, a purine always pairs with a pyrimidine , giving equal sized rungs on the DNA ladder ( search up a diagram)

Question 34

What makes DNA strands anti parallel

Answer 34

the two strands have their 3' to 5' terminals at opposite ends

Question 35

Draw two anti parallel DNA strands

Question 36

How are two antiparallel DNA strands joined

Answer 36

Via hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.

Question 37

Why is one terminal called the 5’ end

Answer 37

because the phosphate group is attached to the 5th carbon of the deoxyribose sugar

Question 38

Why is one terminal called the 3’ end

Answer 38

because the phosphate group is attached to the 3rd carbon of the deoxyribose sugar

Question 39

Find a diagram for part of a DNA molecule

Question 40

How is DNA given molecule stability

Answer 40

The “rungs” on the DNA ladder can twist into the double helix .

Question 41

What is the length and amount of base pairs in one complete turn of DNA

Answer 41

3.4m and 10 base pairs

Question 42

How many hydrogen bonds are between adenine and thymine

Answer 42

2

Question 43

How many hydrogen bonds are between guanine and cytosine

Answer 43

3

Question 44

How many hydrogen bonds are between uracil and adenine

Answer 44

2