Nucleotides And Nucleic Acids

Question 1

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Answer 1

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 2

True or False: DNA is a single-stranded molecule.

Answer 2

False.

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The sugar in RNA is ______.

Answer 3

ribose.

Question 4

What type of bond connects nucleotides in a nucleic acid strand?

Answer 4

Phosphodiester bond.

Question 5

Which nitrogenous bases are purines?

Answer 5

Adenine and Guanine.

Question 6

What is the primary function of DNA?

Answer 6

To store and transmit genetic information.

Question 7

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a pyrimidine? A) Adenine B) Cytosine C) Guanine D) Thymine

Answer 7

D) Thymine.

Question 8

What is the structure of DNA described as?

Answer 8

A double helix.

Question 9

True or False: RNA can form double-stranded structures.

Answer 9

True.

Question 10

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 10

To carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template is called ______.

Answer 11

transcription.

Question 12

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Answer 12

DNA and RNA.

Question 13

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not a function of nucleotides? A) Energy transfer B) Information storage C) Catalysis D) Structural support

Answer 13

D) Structural support.

Question 14

What is the complementary base pairing rule in DNA?

Answer 14

A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.

Question 15

What type of RNA is involved in the formation of ribosomes?

Answer 15

rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

Question 16

What is the process of protein synthesis?

Answer 16

The process by which cells generate proteins from amino acids, involving transcription and translation.

Question 17

True or False: Protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus of the cell.

Answer 17

False: Protein synthesis primarily occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The first step in protein synthesis is called ______.

Answer 18

Transcription

Question 19

What role does mRNA play in protein synthesis?

Answer 19

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 20

Which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Answer 20

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Question 21

Multiple Choice: Which of the following occurs during translation? A) DNA replication B) mRNA synthesis C) Amino acid assembly D) RNA splicing

Answer 21

C) Amino acid assembly

Question 22

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Answer 22

Ribosomes are the site where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Question 23

True or False: Codons on mRNA correspond to specific amino acids.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is a polypeptide chain?

Answer 24

A sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which folds into a functional protein.

Question 25

What is the significance of the start codon in translation?

Answer 25

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and specifies the first amino acid, methionine.

Question 26

What is the process of semi-conservative DNA replication?

Answer 26

It is the mechanism by which DNA is replicated, where each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 27

True or False: In semi-conservative replication, both strands of the original DNA are conserved in the new DNA molecules.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

What enzyme is primarily responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Answer 28

Helicase

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand are called __________.

Answer 29

Okazaki fragments

Question 30

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands?

Answer 30

DNA polymerase

Question 31

What role does primase play in DNA replication?

Answer 31

Primase synthesizes short RNA primers that provide a starting point for DNA polymerase.

Question 32

Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements about DNA replication is true? A) It occurs in a single direction B) It is a conservative process C) It involves multiple enzymes D) It requires only one strand of DNA.

Answer 32

C) It involves multiple enzymes

Question 33

What is the significance of the 'origin of replication'?

Answer 33

It is the specific location on the DNA where replication begins.

Question 34

True or False: DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What are the two main strands of DNA called during replication?

Answer 35

Leading strand and lagging strand

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The enzyme that removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA is called __________.

Answer 36

DNA polymerase I

Question 37

What is the function of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

Answer 37

DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand.

Question 38

What is meant by the term 'replication fork'?

Answer 38

The Y-shaped region where the DNA is split into two single strands for copying.

Question 39

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT involved in DNA replication? A) DNA polymerase B) Helicase C) RNA polymerase D) Ligase

Answer 39

C) RNA polymerase

Question 40

What is the role of topoisomerase during DNA replication?

Answer 40

Topoisomerase relieves the tension and supercoiling ahead of the replication fork.