Nucleotides And Nucleic Acids

Question 1

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

True or False: Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The sugar in DNA nucleotides is called ____.

Answer 3

deoxyribose

Question 4

What type of bond connects nucleotides in a nucleic acid strand?

Answer 4

Phosphodiester bond

Question 5

Which nitrogenous bases are found in RNA?

Answer 5

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 6

What is the primary function of DNA?

Answer 6

To store genetic information

Question 7

Multiple choice: Which of the following is not a nitrogenous base in DNA? A) Adenine B) Thymine C) Uracil D) Cytosine

Answer 7

C) Uracil

Question 8

What is the complementary base pair for adenine in DNA?

Answer 8

Thymine

Question 9

True or False: RNA is usually double-stranded.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The process of synthesizing RNA from DNA is called ____.

Answer 10

transcription

Question 11

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 11

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 12

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of tRNA? A) Carries genetic information B) Transfers amino acids to ribosomes C) Synthesizes proteins D) Acts as a catalyst

Answer 12

B) Transfers amino acids to ribosomes

Question 13

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the cell?

Answer 13

Forms the core of ribosome structure and catalyzes protein synthesis

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The sequence of nucleotides in DNA is translated into a sequence of ____.

Answer 14

amino acids

Question 15

True or False: The genetic code is universal across all living organisms.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What are purines and pyrimidines?

Answer 16

Purines are double-ringed nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine); pyrimidines are single-ringed (cytosine, thymine, uracil).

Question 17

Multiple choice: Which nucleotide is a pyrimidine? A) Guanine B) Cytosine C) Adenine D) Thymine

Answer 17

B) Cytosine

Question 18

What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of sugar?

Answer 18

DNA contains deoxyribose; RNA contains ribose.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The process of translating mRNA into a protein is called ____.

Answer 19

translation

Question 20

True or False: DNA replication is a semi-conservative process.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Answer 21

Helicase

Question 22

Multiple choice: During DNA replication, which enzyme synthesizes new DNA strands? A) Ligase B) Polymerase C) Helicase D) Primase

Answer 22

B) Polymerase

Question 23

What is the role of primase in DNA replication?

Answer 23

Synthesizes RNA primers to initiate DNA synthesis.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The lagging strand is synthesized in short segments called ____.

Answer 24

Okazaki fragments

Question 25

True or False: Nucleotides can be used as energy carriers in the form of ATP.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 26

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 27

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of nucleotides? A) Energy transfer B) Genetic information storage C) Enzyme catalysis D) All of the above

Answer 27

D) All of the above

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The nitrogenous base adenine is classified as a ____.

Answer 28

purine

Question 29

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Answer 29

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 30

True or False: DNA is located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Which type of nucleic acid carries the genetic blueprint for an organism?

Answer 31

DNA

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The complementary base pair for cytosine in DNA is ____.

Answer 32

Guanine

Question 33

What type of bond forms between complementary bases in DNA?

Answer 33

Hydrogen bonds

Question 34

Multiple choice: Which of the following is not a function of nucleic acids? A) Energy storage B) Information storage C) Protein synthesis D) Cellular signaling

Answer 34

A) Energy storage

Question 35

Fill in the blank: A molecule of DNA is described as being ____ because of its two strands.

Answer 35

double-helix

Question 36

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand?

Answer 36

They indicate the directionality of the DNA strand.

Question 37

True or False: RNA can act as a catalyst in some biochemical reactions.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What is the main difference between mRNA and tRNA?

Answer 38

mRNA carries the genetic code; tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template is called ____.

Answer 39

transcription

Question 40

Multiple choice: Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying amino acids? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) rRNA D) snRNA

Answer 40

B) tRNA

Question 41

What is a codon?

Answer 41

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for an amino acid.

Question 42

True or False: Each amino acid is coded by more than one codon.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Answer 43

It synthesizes RNA strands from a DNA template.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: The process of converting mRNA into a protein is known as ____.

Answer 44

translation

Question 45

Multiple choice: The genetic code is comprised of how many possible codons? A) 20 B) 64 C) 61 D) 32

Answer 45

B) 64

Question 46

What is the function of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Answer 46

It facilitates the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Question 47

True or False: DNA can be found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 47

False