Nucleus, Chromatin structure, and organelle genomes Flashcards
(28 cards)
When are chromosomes within the cell visible?
When cells are dividing
The cell spends the majority of its time in what phase?
interphase
What are the 3 minimum requirements for chromosomes?
telomere (ends), Centromere (to get pulled apart), replication origin (at least 1)
condensed chromatin
heterochromatin
diffuse chromatin
euchromatin
What looks like “beads on a string”
10nm units of chromatin
Proteins that DNA wraps around
Histones
How many proteins make up a histone?
8
Where does transcription start on chromatin?
between the beads
A large room between nucleosomes may indicate…
that is area is frequently transcribed
How many nucleotide pairs are typically found around a nucleosome?
200
What is the ratio of protein to DNA in chromatin?
2:1
T or F the structure of the nucleosome is highly conserved in eukaryotes?
True
“puffs” in chromatin indicate that…
the gene is turned on
What is the role of remodeling complexes?
alter the DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions.
How do remodeling complexes affect transcription?
They can move DNA away from histones for transcription or pull it closer to stop transcription
What controls the structure of chromatin
Remodeling complexes
What are 3 reasons for changes in chromatin structure?
mitotic packing, gene silencing, expression
Describe the pattern of mitochondrial inheritance.
its uniparental and maternal
T or F mitochondria have their own genome
T
Where are most mitochondrial proteins encoded for?
nucleus
Where are most mitochondrial proteins made?
cytosol
Why no male mitochondria?
Sperm leave its mito behind
from who is the mitochondrial cytoplasm inherited?
mom
